¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤¬¿Ê¤à¤ÈŽ¢Éõ·úŪ¤ÊÀ¤³¦Ž£¤Ë¤Ê¤ëÍýͳ
¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤È¹ñºÝ²½¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ò¤Ï¤¸¤áÀè¿Ê¹ñ¤ÇÂæƬ¤·¤Ä¤Ä¤¢¤ë¹ṉ̃Êݼé¼çµÁ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÏÀ¤¸¤¿ºÂÃ̲ñ¤ÎÁ°ÊÔ¤ò¤ªÆϤ±¤·¤Þ¤¹¡Ê¼Ì¿¿¡§metamorworks¡¿PIXTA¡Ë
ËÜÍè¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð³Êº¹ÌäÂê¤Î²ò·è¤Ë¼è¤êÁȤà¤Ù¤¥ê¥Ù¥é¥ë¤¬¡¢¤Ê¤¼¡Ö¿·¼«Í³¼çµÁ¡×¤òÍø¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¡ÖæÀ®Ä¹¡×ÏÀ¤Î櫤ˤϤޤë¤Î¤«¡£¼«Í³¼çµÁ¤Î´ú¼ê¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Ï¡¢ÇƸ¢¤Î¿ê¤¨¤È¤È¤â¤Ë¤É¤³¤Ë¸þ¤«¤¦¤Î¤«¡£¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à¤È¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤Î¤¢¤ë¤Ù¤¥Ð¥é¥ó¥¹¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤«¡£¡ÖÎáÏ¤ο·¶µÍܡץ·¥ê¡¼¥º¤Ê¤É¤òÂçÉý²ÃÉ®¤·¡¢2020ǯÂå¤Î½ÅÍץơ¼¥Þ¤òÏÀ¤¸¤¿¡Ø¿·¼«Í³¼çµÁ¤ÈæÀ®Ä¹¤ò¤â¤¦¤ä¤á¤ë¡Ù¤¬¡¢¤³¤Î¤Û¤É¾å°´¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£Æ±½ñ¤ÎÉ®¼Ô¤Ç¤â¤¢¤ëÃæÌî¹ä»Ö¡ÊɾÏÀ²È¡Ë¡¢º´Æ£·ò»Ö¡ÊɾÏÀ²È¡¦ºî²È¡Ë¡¢»Ü¸÷¹±¡Ê¶å½£Âç³ØÂç³Ø±¡¶µ¼ø¡Ë¡¢¸ÅÀîͺ»Ì¡ÊË̳¤Æ»¶µ°éÂç³Ø°°Àî¹»½Ú¶µ¼ø¡Ë¤Î³Æ»á¤¬¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤È¹ñºÝ²½¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ò¤Ï¤¸¤áÀè¿Ê¹ñ¤ÇÂæƬ¤·¤Ä¤Ä¤¢¤ë¹ṉ̃Êݼé¼çµÁ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÏÀ¤¸¤¿ºÂÃ̲ñ¤ÎÁ°ÊÔ¤ò¤ªÆϤ±¤¹¤ë¡£
¹ṉ̃Êݼé¼çµÁ¤ÎÂæƬ
ÃæÌº£Ç¯¤Î2·î¤Ë¡ØThe Economist¡Ù»ï¤Ë¤Æ¡¢¡Ö¹ṉ̃Êݼé¼çµÁ¤Î´í¸±À¡×¤È¤¤¤¦µ»ö¤¬·ÇºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¹ṉ̃¤ÎÀ¸³è¤¬ÉϤ·¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¸½¼Â¤ò¼õ¤±¡¢¥È¥é¥ó¥×Ū¤Ê¼«Í³¼çµÁ¤òÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¹ṉ̃Êݼé¼çµÁ¤ÎÂæƬ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢¥ê¥Ù¥é¥ë¦¤Ï¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥¹¥È¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯°¦¹ñ¿´¤ËΩµÓ¤·¤¿¤¦¤¨¤Ç¼«Í³¼çµÁ¤ò¹ÎÄꤷ¡¢¹ṉ̃Êݼé¼çµÁ¤ËÂй³¤¹¤Ù¤¤À¤È¤¤¤¦ÆâÍƤǤ·¤¿¡£
¤³¤Î¼çÄ¥¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢¤Þ¤º¤Ï»Ü¤µ¤ó¤Ë¡¢3·î6Æü¤Î»º·Ð¿·Ê¹¤Ç¤ª½ñ¤¤Ë¤Ê¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡Ö¹ṉ̃À¸³èÂè°ìÏ©Àþ¤ò¼Î¤Æ¤¿ÅöÁ³¤Îµ¢·ë¤È¤·¤Æ¤Î¡Ø¼º¤ï¤ì¤¿30ǯ¡Ù¡×¤È¤¤¤¦ÏÀ¹Í¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ¡¢¤´°Õ¸«¤ò»Ç¤¨¤Þ¤¹¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£
»Ü¡§¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤Þ¤º¤Ï»º·Ð¿·Ê¹¤Îµ»ö¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ´Êñ¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤µ¤»¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Á¤é¤ÎÏÀ¹Í¤Ï¤â¤È¤â¤È¡Ö¼º¤ï¤ì¤¿30ǯ¸¡¾Ú¸¦µæ²ñ¡×¤È¤¤¤¦²ñ¹ç¤Ç¹Ö±é¤·¤¿ÆâÍƤ˴ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£·ëÏÀ¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¼º¤ï¤ì¤¿30ǯ¡×¤È¤Ï¡¢ÆüËÜÀ¯Éܤ¬¼«¤é˾¤ó¤À¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È¤¤¤¦ÏäǤ¹¡£¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤â¡¢¼º¤ï¤ì¤¿30ǯ¤Î¼çÍ×°ø¤Ï¡¢¿·¼«Í³¼çµÁ¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤Î¿ä¿Ê¤ò·ÐºÑÀ¯ºö¤Î´ðËÜÍýÇ°¤È¤·¡¢¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤ÊÅê»ñ²È¤ä´ë¶È¤¬¥Ó¥¸¥Í¥¹¤·¤ä¤¹¤¤´Ä¶¤ÎÀ°È÷¤ò·ÐºÑÀ¯ºö¤ÎÂè°ì¤ÎÌÜŪ¤È¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¡¢°ìÈ̹ṉ̃¤ÎÊ¡Íø¤Î¸þ¾å¤äÀ¸³è¤Î°ÂÄê¤ò¤Ê¤¤¤¬¤·¤í¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¿¤³¤È¤À¤È»×¤¦¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£
90ǯÂåȾ¤Ðº¢¤«¤é½ù¡¹¤Ë¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤ÊÅê»ñ²È¤ä´ë¶È¤ÎÀ¼¤¬Èó¾ï¤ËÂ礤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£³Æ¹ñ¤Î·ÐºÑÀ¯ºö¤ò¡¢³Æ¹ñ¤Î¹ṉ̃¤ÎÊ¡Íø¤Î¸þ¾å¡¢À¸³è¤Î°ÂÄê¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤ÊÅê»ñ²È¤ä´ë¶È´Ø·¸¼Ô¤¬¤¤¤ï¤æ¤ë²Ô¤®¤ä¤¹¤¤¡¢¥Ó¥¸¥Í¥¹¤·¤ä¤¹¤¤´Ä¶¤ò¤Ä¤¯¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÅÔ¹ç¤Î¤¤¤¤¤è¤¦¤ËÊѤ¨¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤È¤¤¤¦Êý¸þ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È¡£
»Ü¡§ÆüËܤϡ¢¤¢¤ë°ÕÌ£¡¢¿·¼«Í³¼çµÁ¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤È¤¤¤¦ÌÜɸ¤òÀ¸¿¿ÌÌÌܤ˼õ¤±»ß¤á¡¢Äɵᤷ¤Æ¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤òÌܻؤ¹¹½Â¤²þ³×¤ò°ìÀ¸·üÌ¿¤ä¤Ã¤¿·ë²Ì¡¢½î̱Áؤ¬ÉϤ·¤¯¤Ê¤ê¡¢Ê¬¸ü¤¤Ãæ´ÖÁؤȸÀ¤ï¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤âË×Í¡¢·ë²ÌŪ¤ËGDP¤â¿¤Ó¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È»×¤¦¤ó¤Ç¤¹¡£
»ñËܤιñºÝŪ°ÜÆ°¤ËÂФ¹¤ë°ìÄê¤Îµ¬À©¤ò
»Ü¡§ÆüËܤΥ°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½Ï©Àþ¤Ï1996¡Á1997ǯ¤Î¶âÍ»À©ÅÙ²þ³×¤¢¤¿¤ê¤«¤éËܳÊŪ¤Ë»Ï¤Þ¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¹ñ¶¤ò±Û¤¨¤ë»ñËܤΰÜÆ°¤ò¡¢¼¡Âè¤Ë¼«Í³²½¤·¡¢³èȯ²½¤µ¤»¤Æ¤¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤¦¤¹¤ë¤ÈɬÁ³Åª¤Ë¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤ÊÅê»ñ²È¤ä´ë¶È¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¡¢¹ñ¶¤ò±Û¤¨¤Æ»ñËܤòÆ°¤«¤»¤ë¿Í¡¹¤ÎÎϤ¬¤É¤¦¤·¤Æ¤â¶¯¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£
»Ü ¸÷¹±¡Ê¤» ¤Æ¤ë¤Ò¤µ¡Ë¡¿À¯¼£³Ø¼Ô¡¢¶å½£Âç³ØÂç³Ø±¡Èæ³Ó¼Ò²ñʸ²½¸¦µæ±¡¶µ¼ø¡£1971ǯ¡¢Ê¡²¬¸©À¸¤Þ¤ì¡£±Ñ¹ñ¥·¥§¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÂç³ØÂç³Ø±¡À¯¼£³Ø¸¦µæ²Êů³Ø½¤»Î¡ÊM.Phil¡Ë²ÝÄø½¤Î»¡£·ÄØæµÁ½ÎÂç³ØÂç³Ø±¡Ë¡³Ø¸¦µæ²Ê¸å´üÇî»Î²ÝÄø½¤Î»¡£Çî»Î¡ÊË¡³Ø¡Ë¡£Ãø½ñ¤Ë¡Ø¥ê¥Ù¥é¥ê¥º¥à¤ÎºÆÀ¸¡Ù¡Ê·ÄØæµÁ½ÎÂç³Ø½ÐÈDzñ¡Ë¡¢¡Ø±Ñ¸ì²½¤Ï¶ò̱²½ ÆüËܤιñÎϤ¬ÃϤËÍî¤Á¤ë¡Ù ¡Ê½¸±Ñ¼Ò¿·½ñ¡Ë¡¢¡ØËÜÅö¤ËÆüËܿͤÏή¤µ¤ì¤ä¤¹¤¤¤Î¤«¡Ù¡Ê³ÑÀî¿·½ñ¡Ë¤Ê¤É¡Ê¼Ì¿¿¡§»Ü ¸÷¹±¡Ë
¤Ê¤¼¤«¤È¸À¤¨¤Ð¡¢¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡ÖË¡¿ÍÀǤò°ú¤²¼¤²¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢¤â¤¦¤¢¤ó¤¿¤Î¹ñ¤Ë¤ÏÅê»ñ¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¡×¤È¤«¡¢¡Ö¿Í·ïÈñ¤ò²¼¤²¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÈóÀµµ¬Ï«Æ¯¼Ô¤òÁý¤ä¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢À¸»ºµòÅÀ¤ò¤³¤Î¹ñ¤«¤é°Ü¤¹¤¾¡×¤ÈÀ¯Éܤ˰µÎϤò¤«¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢Èà¤é¤ÎÀ¼¤òʹ¤«¤¶¤ë¤ò¤¨¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£
²Ã¤¨¤Æ¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤ÊÅê»ñ²È¤ä´ë¶È¤«¤é¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢Ï«Æ¯Áȹç¤ÏÈó¾ï¤ËÌÌÅݤ¯¤µ¤¤Äñ¹³ÀªÎϤʤΤǡ¢»ñËܤ¬¹ñ¶¤ò±Û¤¨¤Æ°ÜÆ°¤Ç¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤Ï¹¥ÅÔ¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡£Ï«Æ¯Áȹç¤ÎÎϤϤۤȤó¤É¼º¤ï¤ì¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤ÐϫƯÁȹ礬ÃÄÂθò¾Ä¤ò¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¤é¡¢´ë¶È¦¤«¤é¡Ö¤¦¤ë¤µ¤¤¤³¤È¸À¤¦¤ó¤À¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢³°¹ñ¿ÍϫƯ¼Ô¤ä°Ü̱¤ò»È¤¦¤è¡×¤È¤«¡Ö»ö¶È¤ò³¤³°¤Ë°Ü¤¹¤è¡×¤È¸À¤ï¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¢Ï«Æ¯Áȹç¤Ï»ö¼Â¾åµ¡Ç½¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¡£
¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢¾¯»Ò²½¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤Î±Æ¶Á¤ò¤â¤í¤Ë¼õ¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤ÈÀ¯ÉܤâºÇ¶á¤Ïǧ¼±¤·»Ï¤á¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£·ë¶É¡¢·ÐºÑÀ¯ºö¤¬¹ṉ̃À¸³è¤òÆó¤Î¼¡¤Ë¤·¤¿·ë²Ì¡¢¼ã¤¤À¤Âå¤Ï·ÐºÑŪ¤Ë°ÂÄꤻ¤º¡¢·ëº§¤ä»Ò¤É¤â¤ò»ý¤Ä¤³¤È¤òí´í°¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£ÆäËÆüËܤϡ¢¼Ò²ñÄÌÇ°¾å¡¢¼ã¤¤ÃËÀ¤Ë¤¤Á¤ó¤È¤·¤¿²Ô¤®¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢·ëº§¤·¤Æ»Ò¤É¤â¤òºî¤í¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦¤Õ¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤·¹¸þ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤À¤±¤É¡¢ºâ³¦ÃÄÂΤʤ󤫤ϡ¢¡Ö¾¯»Ò²½¤ÏÈò¤±¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤±¿Ì¿¤À¡×¤È½ÉÌ¿ÏÀŪ¤Ë¸À¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤òÍýͳ¤Ë¤Þ¤¹¤Þ¤¹¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤ò¿Ê¤á¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¡£
°Ê¾å¤ÎÌäÂê¤ËÂФ¹¤ë²þÁ±ºö¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ÅöÁ³¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢¿·¼«Í³¼çµÁ¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½Ï©Àþ¤ò²þ¤á¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢»ñËܤιñºÝŪ°ÜÆ°¤ËÂФ¹¤ë°ìÄê¤Îµ¬À©¤òǧ¤á¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¹ñºÝ·ÐºÑÃá½ø¤ò¤Ä¤¯¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½°ÊÁ°¤Î¡¢¤Ä¤Þ¤ê1980ǯÂå°ÊÁ°¤Î¹ñºÝ·ÐºÑÃá½ø¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢´ØÀǤʤɡ¢»ñËܤιñºÝŪ°ÜÆ°¤ËÂФ·³Æ¹ñ¤¬°ìÄê¤Îµ¬À©¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÀµÅö¤À¤Èǧ¼±¤µ¤ì¤¦¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¹ñºÝ·ÐºÑÃá½ø¤Ç¤¹¡£¤¿¤À¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¤â¤Á¤í¤ó°ì¹ñ¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï̵Íý¤Ç¡¢¹ñºÝ¶¨Ä´¤Î¤â¤È¤Ç¹ñºÝ·ÐºÑÃá½ø¤òº¬Ëܤ«¤éÊѤ¨¤Æ¤¤¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
»Ü¡§¤½¤ì¤¬°ìÈ֤κ¬ËÜŪ¤Ê½èÊý䵤Ǥ¹¤¬¡¢¤â¤¦¾¯¤·¿È¶á¤ÊÂè°ìÊâ¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×¤È¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×¤È¤¤¤¦³µÇ°¤ò¤·¤Ã¤«¤ê¶èÊ̤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤â¤½¤â¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×¤Ï¡¢¹ñ¶¤Î³Àº¬¤ò²¼¤²¤Æ¡¢¥ë¡¼¥ë¤äÀ©ÅÙ¡¢´·½¬¡¢Ê¸²½¤Ê¤É¤ò¶¦Ä̲½¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¹Í¤¨Êý¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Î¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×¤Ï¡¢¹ñ¶¤ä¹ñÀÒ¤ò°Ý»ý¤·¡¢¸ß¤¤¤Î¥ë¡¼¥ë¤ä´·½¬¤Ê¤É¤Î°ã¤¤¤òº½Å¤·¤Ä¤Ä¤â¡¢ÀѶËŪ¤Ë¸òή¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¯¹Í¤¨Êý¤Ç¡¢º¬ËÜŪ¤Ë°Û¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡Ê°Ê²¼¤Îµ»ö¤ò»²¾È¡£¡ÒǯƬ¤Ë¤¢¤¿¤ê¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×¶èÊ̤ò¡Ó¡Ò¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×¤È¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×¤Î¶èÊ̤ò¡Ó¡Ë¡£
¤·¤«¤·¡¢ÆüËܤǤϤ³¤Î2¤Ä¤¬°ì½ï¤¯¤¿¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Â¿¤¤¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¿ûÀ¯¸¢¤Î·ÐºÑ¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥ó¤À¤Ã¤¿¥Ç¡¼¥Ó¥Ã¥É¡¦¥¢¥È¥¥ó¥½¥ó»á¤Ï¡¢È¿¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à¤Î°Õ¸«¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢X¾å¤Ç¤³¤¦Åú¤¨¤¿¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£¡ÖÈ¿¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à¤ò¸À¤¦¤Ê¤é¡¢¥Ó¡¼¥ë¡¢Åŵ¤¡¢Íο©¡¢Íδ֡¢¼«Æ°¼Ö¡¢¥Æ¥ì¥Ó¡¢¥Ñ¥½¥³¥ó¡¢Ãϲ¼Å´¡¢Åż֡¢Ì±¼ç¼çµÁ¡¢¥Ù¥Ã¥É¡¢Èô¹Ôµ¡¡¢À¾Íΰå³ØÅù¡¹¤ò»È¤¦¤Ê¡ª¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à¤Î·ë²Ì¡£·ÚΨ¤Êȯ¸À¤ò¹µ¤¨¤Ê¤µ¤¤¡×¤È¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ïŵ·¿Åª¤Ê°Õ¸«¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½ÈãȽ¤ò¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¡ÖÇÓ³°¼çµÁ¤Îº¿¹ñ¼çµÁ¤À¡¢¶Ë±¦¤À¡×¤ß¤¿¤¤¤Ê¤³¤È¤ò¸À¤¦¿Í¤¬Â¿¤¤¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤Þ¤º¤Ï¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×¤È¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×¤Î³µÇ°¤òÌÀ³Î¤Ë¶èÊ̤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½ÈãȽ¤¬¤·¤Ë¤¯¤¤¸½¾õ¤òÊѤ¨¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×¤È¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×¤Î°ã¤¤
¸ÅÀ¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×¤È¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×¤ÏÁ´Á³°ã¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢»ä¤âÂç³Ø¤Î¼ø¶È¤Ç¤è¤¯Ï䷤Ƥ¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
¸ÅÀî ͺ»Ì¡Ê¤Õ¤ë¤«¤ï ¤æ¤¦¤¸¡Ë¡¿¶µ°é³Ø¼Ô¡¢Ë̳¤Æ»¶µ°éÂç³Ø°°Àî¹»½Ú¶µ¼ø¡£1978ǯ¡¢»°½Å¸©À¸¤Þ¤ì¡£µþÅÔÂç³Øʸ³ØÉô¤ª¤è¤Ó¶µ°é³ØÉô´¶È¡£Æ±Âç³ØÂç³Ø±¡¶µ°é³Ø¸¦µæ²ÊÇî»Î¸å´ü²ÝÄø½¤Î»¡£Çî»Î¡Ê¶µ°é³Ø¡Ë¡£ÀìÌç¤Ï¡¢¶µ°éů³Ø¡¢Æ»ÆÁ¶µ°é¡£Ãø½ñ¤Ë¡Ø¶öÁ³¤È±¿Ì¿¡½¡½¶åµ´¼þ¤¤ÎÎÑÍý³Ø¡Ù¡Ê¥Ê¥«¥Ë¥·¥ä½ÐÈÇ¡¢2015ǯ¡Ë¡¢¡ØÂç¿Í¤ÎÆ»ÆÁ¡§À¾ÍζáÂå»×ÁÛ¤òÌ䤤ľ¤¹¡Ù¡ÊÅìÍηкѿ·Êó¼Ò¡¢2018ǯ¡Ë¡¢¶¦ÊÔÃø¤Ë¡ØÈ¿¡ÖÂç³Ø²þ³×¡×ÏÀ¡½¡½¼ã¼ê¤«¤é¤ÎÌäÂêÄ󵯡١ʥʥ«¥Ë¥·¥ä½ÐÈÇ¡¢2017ǯ¡Ë¤¬¤¢¤ë¡Ê¼Ì¿¿¡§¸ÅÀîͺ»Ì¡Ë
¸ÀÍդΰÕÌ£¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤´¤é¤ó¤Ê¤µ¤¤¡¢¤È¡£¡Ö¹ñºÝ¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡Ö¹ñ¤Î¸òºÝ¡×¤Ê¤Î¤À¤«¤é¡¢¤Þ¤º¹ñ¤¬Á°Äó¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤ËÆÈΩ¤·¤¿¹ñ¤¬¤Þ¤º¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤Î¹ñƱ»Î¤¬¸òºÝ¤·¤Æ´Ø·¸¤òÃÛ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤Î¤¬¡Ö¹ñºÝ¡×¡£±Ñ¸ì¤Ç¸À¤¨¤Ðinter-nationalism¤Ç¡¢¤ä¤Ï¤ê¤Þ¤º¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯ÆÈΩ¤·¤¿¥Í¥¤¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬Áê¸ß¤Ë´Ø·¸¤¹¤ë¤Î¤¬¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¡¦¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤Ç¤¹¡£
¤½¤ì¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢¡ÖÀ¤³¦¤Ï°ì¤Ä¡×¡ÖÃϵå¤Ï°ì¤Ä¡×¤È¹Í¤¨¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¡¦¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤¬Á°Äó¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¹ñ²È¤ä¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤òÈÝÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡Ö¤Í¡©¡¡¤À¤«¤éÀµÈ¿ÂФǤ·¤ç¡©¡×¤ÈÀâÌÀ¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢Ã¯¤À¤Ã¤ÆÍý²ò¤·¤Þ¤¹¤è¡£¤¿¤Ö¤óÃæ³ØÀ¸¤Ç¤â¤ï¤«¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤½¤ì¤Ê¤Î¤Ë¡¢¤ï¤¬¹ñ¤Î³Ø¼Ô¤äÀ¯¼£²È¤¬Î¾¼Ô¤òƱ°ì»ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢ËÜÅö¤ËÉԻ׵ĤǤ¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤¤¡¢¤É¤¦¤·¤Æ¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©
»Ü¡§¤½¤ì¤Ç¤¤¤¦¤È¡¢¶½Ì£¿¼¤¤¥¢¥ó¥±¡¼¥È·ë²Ì¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£·ëÏÀ¤«¤é¸À¤¦¤È¡¢¼Â¤Ï°ìÈ̤ÎÊý¤Î¤Û¤¦¤¬¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×¤È¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×¤Î°ã¤¤¤òǧ¼±¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×¤Î¤Û¤¦¤ò¹¥¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È¤¤¤¦·ë²Ì¤Ç¤¹¡£
»Ü¡§2022ǯ¤Î4·î¤Ë¶å½£Âç³Ø¤Ç¤Î¼ø¶È¤ÎºÇ½é¤Ë¡¢»ä¤ÎÏäòʹ¤¯Á°¤Î¤Þ¤Ã¤µ¤é¤Ê¾õÂ֤ǡ¢³ØÀ¸74¿Í¤Ëʹ¤¤¤¿¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£1¤ÄÌܤϤ³¤ó¤ÊÀßÌä¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£¡Ö³°¹ñ¤ä³°¹ñ¤Î¿Í¡¹¤È¤Î³èȯ¤Ê¸òή¤¬ÂçÀÚ¤À¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡×¤Èʹ¤¤¤¿¤é¡¢99%¤¬¡Ö¤½¤¦»×¤¦¡×¡Ö¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤È¤¤¤¨¤Ð¤½¤¦»×¤¦¡×¤ÈÅú¤¨¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
2¤ÄÌܤÎÀßÌä¤Ï¤³¤¦¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£¡Ö¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬Ë¾¤Þ¤·¤¤¤È»×¤¦¸òή¤Î¤¢¤êÊý¤Ï¡¢¥¿¥¤¥×1¤È¥¿¥¤¥×2¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤Ë¶á¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤«¡×¡£¤³¤³¤Ç¡Ö¥¿¥¤¥×1¡×¤Ï¡¢¹ñ¶Àþ¤ÎÌò³ä¤ò¤Ê¤ë¤Ù¤¯Äã²¼¤µ¤»¡¢¿Í¤ä¥â¥Î¤Ê¤É¤¬³èȯ¤Ë¹Ô¤¸ò¤¦¾õÂÖ¤ò¤Ä¤¯¤ê½Ð¤·¡¢¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤ÊÀ©ÅÙ¤ä¥ë¡¼¥ë¡¢Ê¸²½¡¢´·½¬¤ò¶¦Ä̲½¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤è¤¦¤Ê¸òή¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢¥¢¥ó¥±¡¼¥È¤Ë¤Ï½ñ¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×·¿¤Î¸òή¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£¡Ö¥¿¥¤¥×2¡×¤¬¡¢¹ñ¶Àþ¤ä¹ñÀÒ¤ò°Ý»ý¤·¤¿¤Þ¤Þ¤Ç¡¢¤Þ¤¿¼«¹ñ¤ä¾¹ñ¤ÎÀ©ÅÙ¤ä¥ë¡¼¥ë¡¢Ê¸²½¡¢´·½¬¤Ê¤É¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Ê°ã¤¤¤âÁ°Äó¤È¤·¤¿¤¦¤¨¤Ç¡¢¸ß¤¤¤Ë¤è¤¤¤È¤³¤í¤ò³Ø¤Ó¹ç¤¦¸òή¡£¤³¤ì¤â½ñ¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿¤Î¸òή¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î·ë²Ì¡¢¡Ö¥¿¥¤¥×2¡×¤Î¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿¤òÁª¤ó¤À¿Í¤¬95%¤À¤Ã¤¿¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£¡Ö¥¿¥¤¥×1¡×¤Ï¤¿¤Ã¤¿¤Î5%¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£
¤³¤Î·ë²Ì¤Ë»ä¤Ïµ¤¤ò¤è¤¯¤·¤Æ¡¢2023ǯ¤Î12·î¤Ë¡¢³ØÀ¸¤Î´ÏÀ¤Î¸¦µæ¤ò»ØƳ¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢»ä¤â¼«Ê¬¤Î²Ê¸¦Èñ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ³ØÀ¸¤È°ì½ï¤ËÄ´ºº¤ò¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£°ìÈ̼Ҳñ¿Í300¿Í¤òÂоݤ˼ҲñÄ´ºº²ñ¼Ò¤Ë°ÑÂ÷¤·¤Æ¡¢¤Ê¤ë¤Ù¤¯ÆüËܿͤΥǥ⥰¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤Ê½Ì¿Þ¤ò¤Ä¤¯¤ê¡¢¤¤¤Þ¤ªÏä·¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤ÈƱ¤¸¼ÁÌä¤ò¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢ÀßÌä2¤Î²óÅú¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¡Ö¥¿¥¤¥×1¡×¤Î¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×·¿¤ò˾¤ó¤À¤Î¤Ï¡¢³ØÀ¸¤è¤ê¤â¾¯¤·Â¿¤¯¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬16%¤Ç¡¢¡Ö¥¿¥¤¥×2¡×¤Î¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿¤ò˾¤ó¤À¤Î¤Ï84%¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£
ÃæÌ¤½¤Î°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤Ï¡¢Âç³Ø¤ò´¶È¤¹¤ë¤È¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤¹¤ë¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡Ê¾Ð¡Ë¡£
¹â¹»¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÆüËܤγع»¶µ°é¤Ï¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿
»Ü¡§¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¤½¤Î¤È¤ª¤ê¤Ç¡¢¹â¹»¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÆüËܤγع»¶µ°é¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿¤Ç¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤¬Â¿¤¤¤ó¤Ç¤¹¡£¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¶µ²Ê½ñ¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤¿¤é¡¢¾®Ãæ¹â¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤À¤¤¤¿¤¤¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿¤Î¡¢°ã¤¤¤òǧ¤á¹ç¤¤¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦Ïäǿʤá¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£µÕ¤ËÂç³Ø¤Ï¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×·¿¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢¶åÂç¤Ç¤Ï¤Þ¤À¹â¹»¤ò½Ð¤¿¤Æ¤Î»Ò¤¿¤Á¤Ëʹ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿¤È¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×·¿¤òÈæ¤Ù¤ë¤È95ÂÐ5¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤È¸À¤¨¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Í¡£
¤¿¤À¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡¢300¿Í¤Î¤Û¤¦¤ÎÄ´ºº¤Ç¸«¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤¹¤È¡¢Åý·×Ū¤Ë¤Ï¤ª¤½¤é¤¯Í°Õ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤µ¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢ÆüËܤϲ¤ÊƤǸÀ¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤È°ã¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¹â³ØÎò¤Î¿Í¤Î¤Û¤¦¤¬¡¢¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤È¤¤¤¨¤Ð¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿¤Î¤Û¤¦Áª¤Ö¿Í¤¬Â¿¤¤·¹¸þ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¸À¤¨¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤Þ¤À¤¤Á¤ó¤ÈʬÀϤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç·ë²Ì¤Î¿ô»ú¤òį¤á¤¿¤¦¤¨¤Ç¤Î¿ä¬¤Ë¤¹¤®¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡£
²¤ÊƤǤϡ¢¥Ç¥¤¥ô¥£¥Ã¥É¡¦¥°¥Ã¥É¥Ï¡¼¥È¤¬¥¨¥Ë¥¦¥§¥¢Â²¡¢¥µ¥à¥¦¥§¥¢Â²¤Èʬ¤±¤Æ¡¢¥¨¥Ë¥¦¥§¥¢Â²¡¢¤Ä¤Þ¤êÂçÅԻԤ˽»¤à¹â³ØÎò¡¢¹â¼ýÆþ¤Î¼Ô¤Î¤Û¤¦¤¬¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤ò˾¤à¤È½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ÆüËܤǤϤ½¤Î·¹¸þ¤Ï¤ß¤é¤ì¤½¤¦¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤³¤³¤Ïʸ²½¤Î°ã¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
º´Æ£¡§½î̱Áؤ¬¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à»Ö¸þ¤È¤Ï¡¢¥°¥Ã¥É¥Ï¡¼¥È¤Î¼çÄ¥¤ò¤¯¤Ä¤¬¤¨¤¹·ë²Ì¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£
»Ü¡§¤¨¤¨¡¢¤½¤¦¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤À¤«¤é¡¢¤³¤³¤ò¤¤¤«¤ËÍý²ò¤¹¤Ù¤¤«¤Ï¤â¤¦¾¯¤·¹Í¤¨¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«Æ±¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ê¼ÁÌä¤ò¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤â°ìÉô¾Ò²ð¤µ¤»¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤¤Þ¤¹¤Í¡£
ÆüËܤÎ4¿Í¤Ë3¿Í¤Ï¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤ò¹¥¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë
»Ü¡§¤³¤ì¤ÏËÁƬ¤Ç¿¨¤ì¤¿º£Ç¯3·î6Æü¤Î»º·Ð¿·Ê¹¤Î»ä¤Î¥³¥é¥à¤Ç¤â¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢Ë¾¤Þ¤·¤¤ÆüËܤηкÑÀ¯ºö¤ò¤É¤¦¹Í¤¨¤ë¤«¤È¤¤¤¦¼ÁÌä¤Ç¤¹¡£ÁªÂò»è¤Ï¡¢¡¤¬¡ÖÆüËܷкѤò¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë»Ô¾ì¤ÎÃæ¤ËŬÀڤ˰ÌÃ֤Ť±¡¢Åê»ñ²È¤ä´ë¶È¤ËÅê»ñÀè¤È¤·¤ÆÁª¤Ð¤ì¤ä¤¹¤¤ÆüËܤò¼Â¸½¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡×¡£¢¤¬¡¢¡ÖÆüËܹṉ̃¤ÎÀ¸³è¤Î¸þ¾å¤È°ÂÄê²½¤òÂè°ì¤Ë¹Í¤¨¡¢¹ñÆâ¤Ë¿Íͤʻº¶È¤¬±É¤¨¡¢ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¿¦¶È¤ÎÁªÂò»è¤¬¹ñÆâ¤ÇÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡×¡£¡¤ÏÆüËܤ¬¤³¤³30ǯ¤°¤é¤¤Äɵᤷ¤Æ¤¤¿Äɵᤷ¤Æ¤¤¿¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×·¿¤Î·ÐºÑÀ¯ºö¤Ç¡¢¢¤¬¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿¤È¸À¤¨¤ë¤È»×¤¦¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢·ë²Ì¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿¤Î¤Û¤¦¤ò»Ù»ý¤¹¤ë¿Í¤¬Â¿¤¯¤Æ73.3%¤Ç¤¹¡£
¤¢¤È¤Ï¡¢¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤È¥¹¥È¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ë¡¢¡Ö¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¹Í¤¨¤ë˾¤Þ¤·¤¤¾Íè¤ÎÍýÁÛŪÀ¤³¦Ãá½ø¤È¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤Î¤¦¤Á¤É¤Á¤é¤Ë¶á¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤«¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¼ÁÌä¤ò¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¡¤¬¤Þ¤µ¤Ë¥¸¥ç¥ó¡¦¥ì¥Î¥ó¤Î¡ÖImagine¡×¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÀ¤³¦¤Ç¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×·¿¤Î¡Ö¹çÍýŪ¤ÇÉáÊ×Ū¤Ç¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤ÊÀ¤³¦¹ñ²È¤ò¤Ä¤¯¤ê¡¢Á´¿ÍÎब¤½¤³¤Ë¤Þ¤È¤Þ¤Ã¤ÆÂÐÅù¤ËÊë¤é¤¹¤è¤¦¤ËÅؤá¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¡£¢¤¬¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿¤Ç¡Ö¿ÍͤÊʸ²½¤äÅÁÅý¤ò¤½¤ì¤¾¤ìô¤Ã¤¿ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¹ñ¡¹¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¡¢¹ñ¡¹¤¬ÂÐÅù¤Ê¶¦Â¸¶¦±É¤ò¿Þ¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÅؤá¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¡£¤³¤ì¤â¤ä¤Ï¤ê¢¤ò»Ù»ý¤¹¤ë¿Í¤¬77.3%¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£
¤¶¤Ã¤¯¤ê¡ÖÃϵå»Ô̱Ū¤Ê¥¨¥Ë¥¦¥§¥¢Â²¡×¤È¡Ö¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ë¤Ê¥µ¥à¥¦¥§¥¢Â²¡×¤Î³ä¹ç¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥¤¥®¥ê¥¹¤ò¤Ï¤¸¤á¤È¤¹¤ë²¤Êƽô¹ñ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥°¥Ã¥É¥Ï¡¼¥ÈÛ©¤¯¡¢25%¤¬¥¨¥Ë¥¦¥§¥¢Â²¤Ç¡¢È¾Ê¬¶¯¤¬¥µ¥à¥¦¥§¥¢Â²¤Ç¡¢»Ä¤ê¤¬¥¨¥Ë¥¦¥§¥¢Â²¤È¥µ¥à¥¦¥§¥¢Â²¤ÎÃæ´ÖÇɤȤΤ³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£º£²ó¤ÎÄ´ºº¤Ç¤â¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ëÇɤ¬ÆüËܹṉ̃¤Î25%¼å¤Ç¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢¶á¤¤·ë²Ì¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢ÆüËܤÎ4¿Í¤Ë3¿Í¤Ï¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×·¿¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤ò¹¥¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤Ë¤â¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¡¢1990ǯÂå¸åȾ°Ê¹ß¤Î30ǯ´Ö¤ÇÀ¯Éܤäºâ³¦¤¬¿ä¤·¿Ê¤á¤Æ¤¤¿¤Î¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×·¿¤Î·ÐºÑÀ¯ºö¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£³°¹ñ¤ä³°¹ñ¿Í¤È¤Î¸òή¤ò¹¥¤Þ¤·¤¤¤È»×¤¦¡¢¤ª¿Í¹¥¤·¤ÎÆüËܿͤο´¾ð¤Ë¾è¤¸¤Æ¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Î¿Í¤¬¼Â¤Ï˾¤Þ¤Ê¤¤²þ³×¤ò¿Ê¤á¤Æ¤¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¦¤Î¤¬¸½¾õ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È¡£
¤À¤«¤é¤³¤½¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤È¹ñºÝ²½¤È¤¤¤¦³µÇ°¤ò¶èÊ̤·¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢¤¢¤Þ¤ê˾¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¡Ö¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¡×·¿¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤¬¤Þ¤¹¤Þ¤¹¿Ê¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤«¤Í¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£·ë¶É¤Î¤È¤³¤í¡¢¡Ö»ä¤Ï¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤Ë¤ÏÈ¿ÂФÀ¤¬¡¢¹ñºÝ²½¤Ë¤Ï»¿À®¤À¡×¤È¸À¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ½é¤á¤Æ¡¢º£¤Î¿·¼«Í³¼çµÁ¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¿ä¿ÊÏ©Àþ¤ÎÀ§Èó¤ò½ä¤ë·úÀßŪµÄÏÀ¤¬²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤ó¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È»×¤¦¤ó¤Ç¤¹¡£
»Ü¡§ºÇ¸å¤Ë¡ØEconomist¡Ù¤Îµ»ö¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¡Ö¹ṉ̃Êݼé¼çµÁ¤Î´í¸±À¡×¤ò½ñ¤¤¤¿¡¢¼çήÇɤβ¤ÊƤΥޥ¹¥³¥ß¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¤Þ¤µ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤¢¤ë¤Îµ»ö¤À¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤Þ¤¢¤Þ¤¢´èÄ¥¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Í¡£½î̱¤ÎÀ¸³è¤¬ÉϤ·¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤ÆÃæ´ÖÁؤ¬Íî¤Á¤Ö¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤òǧ¤á¡¢¤½¤³¤«¤é½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ëò¤¤Ë¤ÏÀµÅö¤Êɾ²Á¤ò¤·¤è¤¦¤È½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤É¤Ïɾ²Á¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤¿¤À¡¢¤ä¤Ï¤êƧ¤ß¹þ¤ß¤¬´Å¤¤µ»ö¤À¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£²¤ÊƤοͤǤ⡢¤ä¤Ã¤Ñ¤ê¼«Í³Ì±¼ç¼çµÁ¤ò¤¤Á¤ó¤ÈÍý²ò¤Ç¤¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤ó¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤«¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¦´¶¤¸¤¬¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
¥ê¥Ù¥é¥ë¤Ë¤³¤½É¬Íפʥʥ·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à
¸ÅÀƧ¤ß¹þ¤ß¤¬´Å¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï»ä¤â¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯Æ±´¶¤Ç¤¹¡£Âç»ö¤Ê¤³¤È¤ò¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤Ï»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢°ìÈÖÂç»ö¤Ê¤³¤È¤ò¤Þ¤À¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
°ìÈÖÂç»ö¤Ê¤³¤È¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï»ä¤¬°ÊÁ°¤«¤é¿½¤·¾å¤²¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¿·¼«Í³¼çµÁ¤òÈãȽ¤¹¤ë¥ê¥Ù¥é¥ëÇÉ¡¢¤È¤¯¤Ë¼Ò²ṉ̃¼ç¼çµÁŪ¤ÊΩ¾ì¤ËΩ¤Ä¿Í¤¿¤Á¤Ï¡¢¤Ï¤Ã¤¤ê¼«Ê¬¤¬¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤òɽÌÀ¤¹¤ë¤Ù¤¤À¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£
Èà¤é¤Ï¡Ö¹ṉ̃¤ÎÀ¸³è¤ò¼é¤ì¡×¤È¤«¡ÖÀ¯¼£¤Ï¤â¤Ã¤È¹ṉ̃¤ÎÀ¼¤Ë¼ª¤ò·¹¤±¤è¡×¤È¤«¤È¸À¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ïʶ¤ì¤â¤Ê¤¯¹ṉ̃¼çµÁ¡¢¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Ê¤Î¤ËÈà¤é¤Ï¡¢¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤ÏÇÓ¾Ū¤À¡¢°¦¹ñ¿´¤Ï´í¸±¤À¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¼«Ê¬¤Î¾ì¤ò¼«Ê¬¤Ç·¡¤êÊø¤¹¤È¤¤¤¦¼«ÌÇŪ¤Ê¤³¤È¤ò¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤Ê¿·¼«Í³¼çµÁ¤«¤é½î̱¤ÎÀ¸³è¤ò¼é¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¼ç¸¢¹ñ²È¤ò²óÉü¤¹¤ë¤·¤«¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢Èà¤é¤âËÜÅö¤Ï¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤À¤«¤é¡¢¤¤¤¤²Ã¸º¡¢¤Ï¤Ã¤¤ê¡Ö¼«Ê¬¤Ï¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥¹¥È¤À¡×¡Ö¹ṉ̃¹ñ²È¤ò¼é¤ë¤ó¤À¡×¤Ã¤Æ¸À¤¤¤Ê¤µ¤¤¤è¤È¡¢»ä¤Ï¾ï¡¹»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ó¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤¦¤·¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê¡¢¥ê¥Ù¥é¥ê¥º¥à¤ÏÎϤò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤¤·¡¢»Ù»ý¤â¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È»×¤¦¤ó¤Ç¤¹¡£
¤À¤«¤é¡¢µ»ö¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Î¤Û¤¦¤Ë¡¢¡Ö¥ê¥Ù¥é¥ë¤Ï°¦¹ñ¿´¤äÁĹñ°¦¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤é¤¤¤ò¹îÉþ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡×¤È½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¤½¤Î¤È¤ª¤ê¤Ç¡¢¤è¤¯¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤¿¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢Æ§¤ß¹þ¤ß¤¬´Å¤¤¤Î¤Ï¤Þ¤µ¤Ë¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢¤¤¤Þ¡Ö°¦¹ñ¿´¡×¤ÈÌõ¤·¤¿²Õ½ê¤Ï¡¢¸¶Ê¸¤Ç¤Ï¡Öpatriotism¡×¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£¡ÖÁĹñ°¦¡×¤â¡Ölove of the country¡×¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢nationalism¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯patriotism¡¢love of the nation¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯love of the country¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤ä¥Í¥¤¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÍÕ¤ò°Õ¿ÞŪ¤ËÈò¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤¹¡£
¼Â¤Ï¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢½¾Íè¤Î¥ê¥Ù¥é¥ë¤Î¾ïÅåŪ¤Ê¸ì¤ê¸ý¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤³¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥ê¥Ù¥é¥ë¤ÊÍýÇ°¤ä·ûË¡¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÀ¯¼£Åª¤ÊÃéÀ¿¤È¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤Î¥Ñ¥È¥ê¥ª¥Æ¥£¥º¥à¤ÏÂç»ö¤À¤¬¡¢¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤Ïʸ²½Åª¤ÊƱ¼ÁÀ¤ò¶¯À©¤¹¤ë¤«¤éÇÓ¾Ū¤Ç´í¸±¤À¤È¤«¡¢¼«Á³¤Ê´¶¾ð¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÎÁĹñ°¦¤ä¶¿ÅÚ°¦¤ÏÂç»ö¤À¤¬¡¢¥Í¥¤¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ø¤Î°¦¤Ï¿Í°ÙŪ¤Ê¥¤¥Ç¥ª¥í¥®¡¼¤Ç¤¢¤êµõ¹½¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤«¤¤¤Ã¤¿°ÕÌ£¤¬¹þ¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
¸ÅÀ¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤½¤¦¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤Î¥Ñ¥È¥ê¥ª¥Æ¥£¥º¥à¤äÁĹñ°¦¤¬Âç»ö¤À¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢Åö¤¿¤êÁ°¤ÎÏäǡ¢¤½¤ì¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï²¿¤ò¸À¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤â¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ËÜÅö¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ï¡¢¤½¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤ÆÈà¤é¤¬Å¨»ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤Î¤Û¤¦¤³¤½¤¬¡¢¼Â¤Ï¥ê¥Ù¥é¥ë¤Ê¼Ò²ñ¤ÎÁ°Äó¾ò·ï¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¹¡£
º´Æ£¡§¸ÅÀ¤ó¤¬»ØŦ¤µ¤ì¤¿²Õ½ê¤Ï¡¢¸·Ì©¤ËÌõ¤»¤Ð¡Ö¥ê¥Ù¥é¥ë¤Ï°¦¹ñ¿´¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÃѤº¤«¤·¤¯»×¤¦¤Î¤ò¹îÉþ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£°¦¹ñ¿´¤È¤Ï¡¢ÁĹñ¤òÂç»ö¤Ë»×¤¦¼«Á³¤Ê´¶¾ð¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡×¡£¤³¤Î¸å¤Ë¡Ö¤½¤·¤ÆÁĹñ¤È¤Ï¡¢¹ṉ̃¤Î¤Þ¤È¤Þ¤ê¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤½°Ý»ý¤µ¤ì¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ê¤Î¤À¡×¤ÈÍè¤ë¤Ù¤¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£
¸ÅÀ¤½¤Î¤È¤ª¤ê¤Ç¤¹¡£¡Ö°¦¹ñ¿´¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤é¤¤¤ò¹îÉþ¤¹¤Ù¤¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¡¢¤³¤Î¸ÀÀ⤳¤½¤¬¡¢¼Â¤Ï¥ê¥Ù¥é¥ë¤Î¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤é¤¤¤òÇ¡¼Â¤Ëɽ¸½¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤¹¡£
¤Þ¤¢¡¢¤È¤Ï¤¤¤¨¡¢¤ï¤¬¹ñ¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤¦¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤Î°¦¹ñ¿´¤Ç¤µ¤¨¡¢¤¤¤Þ¤À¤Ë¥¿¥Ö¡¼»ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤¬¸½¾õ¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢¤Þ¤ºÏäϤ½¤³¤«¤é¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤â¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤¦¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ç¡¢ÆäËÆüËܤΥê¥Ù¥é¥ë¤Ë¤³¤½Æɤó¤Ç¤â¤é¤¤¤¿¤¤É¾ÏÀ¤À¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Í¡£
ÃæÌº´Æ£¤µ¤ó¤Ï¡¢»Ü¤µ¤ó¤Î¤ªÏäˤĤ¤¤Æ¤É¤¦¤ª¹Í¤¨¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¤«¡£
¡Ö±å¤ßÀá¤ÎÀ¯¼£¡×¤ò»Ö¸þ¤¹¤ë¹ṉ̃Êݼé¼çµÁ
º´Æ£¡§¼ñ»Ý¤Ë¤Ï»¿À®¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢µ¤¤Ë¤Ê¤ëÅÀ¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤º¤Ï¾¯»Ò²½¡£¤³¤ì¤ÏÈ󺧲½¤Î·ë²Ì¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢Çظå¤Ë¤Ï·ÐºÑŪ¤ÊÄäÂÚ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡¢¸½¾õ¤Ï³Î¤«¤Ë¤½¤¦¸«¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£
º´Æ£ ·ò»Ö¡Ê¤µ¤È¤¦ ¤±¤ó¤¸¡Ë¡¿É¾ÏÀ²È¡¦ºî²È¡£1966ǯ¡¢ÅìµþÅÔÀ¸¤Þ¤ì¡£ÅìµþÂç³Ø¶µÍܳØÉô´¶È¡£1990ǯÂå°ÊÍ衢¿³ÑŪ¤Ê»ëÅÀ¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯Æȼ«¤ÎɾÏÀ³èÆ°¤òŸ³«¡£¡Ø´¶À÷¤ÎÎáÏ¡١ÊKK¥Ù¥¹¥È¥»¥é¡¼¥º¡Ë¡¢¡ØʿϼçµÁ¤ÏÉϺ¤¤Ø¤ÎÆ»¡Ù¡ÊƱ¡Ë¡¢¡Ø¿·Ìõ¡¡¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹³×Ì¿¤Î¾Ê»¡¡Ù¡ÊPHP¸¦µæ½ê¡Ë¤ò¤Ï¤¸¤á¡¢Ãø½ñ¡¦Ìõ½ñ¿¿ô¡£¤µ¤é¤Ë2019ǯ¤è¤ê¡¢·Ð±Ä²Ê³Ø½ÐÈǤǥª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¹ÖºÂ¤òÇÛ¿®¡£¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¡ØÄ˲÷¡ª¡¡Àï¸å¥Ë¥Ã¥Ý¥ó¤ÎÀµÂΡÙÁ´3´¬¡¢¡Øº´Æ£·ò»Ö¤Î¥Ë¥Ã¥Ý¥óÊø²õ¤Î¸¦µæ¡ÙÁ´3´¬¡¢¡Øº´Æ£·ò»Ö¤Î2025¥Ë¥Ã¥Ý¥ó½ªßá¡¡¿·¼«Í³¼çµÁ¤È¼ç¸¢ÁÓ¼º¤«¤é¤ÎæµÑ¡ÙÁ´3´¬¤¬À©ºî¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡Ê¼Ì¿¿¡§º´Æ£·ò»Ö¡Ë¡¡
¤È¤³¤í¤¬¡Ø¾¯»Ò²½¼Ò²ñÂкöÇò½ñ¡Ù¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¸«¤ë¤È¡¢25ºÐ¤«¤é39ºÐ¤Î̤º§Î¨¤¬µÞ¾å¾º¤ò»Ï¤á¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢ÃËÀ¤Ç1970ǯÂå¸åȾ¡¢½÷À¤Ç1980ǯÂåÁ°È¾¤«¤é¡£¤¿¤À¤·30Âå¸åȾ¤Î½÷À¤Î¤ß¡¢1990ǯÂåÁ°È¾¤«¤é¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¤À¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤¬¤É¤ó¤É¤ó¿Ê¤àÁ°¡¢ÆüËܤ¬È˱ɤ·¤Æ¤¤¤¿»þ´ü¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤è¡£¤³¤ì¤ò¤É¤¦ÀâÌÀ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤«¡£¤·¤«¤â¥Ç¥Õ¥ìÉÔ¶·¤¬Ä¹´ü²½¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ä¤ì¤Æ¡¢Ì¤º§Î¨¤Î¿¤Ó¤ÏÆߤ¯¤Ê¤ê¡¢²£¤Ð¤¤¤Ë¶á¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¡£
º£¤Î¼ã¼Ô¤¬·ÐºÑŪ¤ÊÉ԰¤Τ»¤¤¤Ç·ëº§¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ï»ö¼Â¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¾¯»Ò²½¤ò¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤È¤É¤³¤Þ¤Ç·ë¤Ó¤Ä¤±¤Æ¤¤¤¤¤«¤Ï¹Í¤¨¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£¤³¤ÎÌäÂê¤ò¤á¤°¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ÀÛÃø¡ØʿϼçµÁ¤ÏÉϺ¤¤Ø¤ÎÆ»¡Ù¤Ç¤â¡¢¡ÖʿϼçµÁ¤Ï¾¯»Ò²½¤Ø¤ÎÆ»¡×¤ÈÂꤷ¤ÆÏÀ¤¸¤Þ¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤¼¤Ò¤¢¤ï¤»¤Æ¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
¼¡¤Ë¡ØEconomist¡Ù¤Îµ»ö¡£¤³¤³¤Ë¤Ï¹ṉ̃Êݼé¼çµÁ¤ÎÌäÂêÅÀ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë½ÅÍפʻØŦ¤¬¸«¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¤³¤ÎÍýÇ°¤Ï¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à¤ä¿·¼«Í³¼çµÁ¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÈï³²¼Ô°Õ¼±¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤¿¡Ö±å¤ßÀá¤ÎÀ¯¼£¡×¤ò»Ö¸þ¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤À¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£
¤È¤³¤í¤¬¿Í´Ö¡¢Èï³²¼Ô°Õ¼±¤Ë¤È¤é¤ï¤ì¤¿¤éºÇ¸å¡¢¼«Ê¬¤¬°¤¤¤È¤ÏÀäÂФ˻פ¨¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¡£Êª»ö¤¬¤¦¤Þ¤¯¤¤¤«¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¡Ö¤¢¤¤¤Ä¤Î¤»¤¤¤À¡¢¤³¤¤¤Ä¤Î¤»¤¤¤À¡×¤È¥Ò¥¹¥Æ¥ê¡¼¤òµ¯¤³¤¹¤Ð¤«¤ê¤Ç¡¢¤ª¤Î¤ì¤ò¾Ê¤ß¤¿¤ê¡¢¹ÔÆ°¤ò²þ¤á¤¿¤ê¤Ï¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¤³¤ì¤¬Àµ¤·¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢¹ṉ̃Êݼé¼çµÁ¤Ê¤É¼«ÌǤò±¿Ì¿¤Å¤±¤é¤ì¤¿ÆÈÁ±¤Ë¤¹¤®¤Ê¤¤¡£
º´Æ£¡§¤ª¤Þ¤±¤Ë¡ØEconomist¡Ù¡¢¹ṉ̃Êݼé¼çµÁ¤Ï¡ÖÀ¯¼£ÅªÂ¿¸µ¼çµÁ¤ò·ù¤¦¡×¤È¤â½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤¯¤À¤ó¤Î»ÑÀª¤Ï¤Û¤Ü³Î¼Â¤Ë¡¢¹ṉ̃¤ÎʬÃǤò°ú¤µ¯¤³¤·¤¿¤¢¤²¤¯¡¢¸¢°Ò¼çµÁ¤Î»¿Èþ¤Ë¹Ô¤Ã夤ޤ¹¡£¤½¤Î´í¸±À¤òÀ⤯¤«¤®¤ê¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Îµ»ö¤Ï¼«Í³Ì±¼ç¼çµÁ¤ò¤¤Á¤ó¤ÈÍý²ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¼«ÌÇŪ¤Ê¸¢°Ò¼çµÁ»¿Èþ¤òÍÆǧ¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤Ï¡¢È¿¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à¤Î¹Ô¤¯Ëö¤âÃΤ줿¤â¤Î¡¢¤½¤¦¸À¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤â»ÅÊý¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£
¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤Ø¤Î°Ü¹Ô¤òÂ¥¤¹°µÎÏ
º´Æ£¡§¤Ê¤é¤Ð¤Ê¤¼¡¢¹ñºÝ²½¡¢¤Ê¤¤¤·¹ñºÝ¼çµÁ¤È¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à¤Ï¤«¤¯¤âº®Æ±¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤«¡£Ãê¾ÝŪ¤Ê´ÑÇ°¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤È¤â¤«¤¯¡¢¸½¼Â¤Ë¤ÏÀþ°ú¤¤¬Æñ¤·¤¤¤³¤È¤¬Âè°ì¤Ëµó¤²¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¹ñ¶¤Î³Àº¬¤ò¤É¤³¤Þ¤ÇÊݤ俤é¹ñºÝ¼çµÁ¤Ç¡¢¤É¤³¤Þ¤Ç²¼¤²¤¿¤é¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à¤Ê¤Î¤«¡£¤·¤«¤âÀѶËŪ¤Ê¸òή¤¬Ë¾¤Þ¤·¤¤¤Î¤Ê¤é¡¢³Àº¬¤ÏÄ㤤¤Û¤¦¤¬¤¤¤¤¤Ë·è¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¤¬Ë¾¤Þ¤·¤¤¤Î¤Ê¤é¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤Ï¤â¤Ã¤È˾¤Þ¤·¤¤¤Ï¤º¤À¡×¤È¤¤¤¦·Á¤Ç¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤Ø¤Î°Ü¹Ô¤òÂ¥¤¹°µÎϤ¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¤â¤È¤â¤È¶áÂåÀ¤³¦¤Ï¡ÖÍýÀ¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯ÉáÊ×À¡×¤ò»Ö¸þ¤¹¤ëÀ³Ê¤¬¶¯¤¤¡£¤½¤·¤Æ¡ÖÍý¤Ë¤«¤Ê¤Ã¤¿ÊѲ½¤Ê¤é¡¢¤É¤ó¤É¤ó¿Ê¤á¤ë¤Ë±Û¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡×¤È¤¤¤¦²Ã®¼çµÁ¤Î·¹¸þ¤Þ¤Ç»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
²Ã¤¨¤ÆÌä¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Ù¤¤Ï¡¢¤Ï¤¿¤·¤Æ¹ñºÝ¼çµÁ¤Ç¹ñºÝÃá½ø¤ò°Ý»ý¤Ç¤¤ë¤Î¤«¡£¼ÂºÝ¡¢À¤³¦¤Ï20À¤µªÁ°È¾¤Ë°ìÅÙ¼ºÇÔ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Âè1¼¡ÂçÀï¸å¤Ë¹ñºÝ¶¨Ä´¼çµÁ¤¬Ä󾧤µ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤Î¡¢¹ñºÝÏ¢ÌÁ¤ÏÂè2¼¡ÂçÀï¤òËɤ²¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¤À¤«¤é¤³¤½¡¢º£Å٤ϹñºÝÏ¢¹ç¤À¡¢Ë¾¤à¤é¤¯¤ÏÀ¤³¦À¯ÉܤÀ¤È¤¤¤¦Ïäˤʤä¿¡£¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à¤Ê¤·¤Ë¤ÏÂè3¼¡ÂçÀï¤Ç¿ÍÎबÌǤӤ«¤Í¤Ê¤¤¡¢20À¤µª¸åȾ¤ÎÀ¤³¦¤¬¤³¤Î´íµ¡´¶¤«¤é½Ðȯ¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤ò˺¤ì¤ë¤Ù¤¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
ÉáÊ×À¤ÎÄɵᡢ²Ã®¼çµÁ¤Î¹ÎÄê¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ°ÂÄꤷ¤¿¹ñºÝÃá½ø¤Ø¤Î»Ö¸þ¡£¤³¤Î3¤Ä¤¬¤½¤í¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥º¥à¤¬¹ñºÝ¼çµÁ¤ò°µÅݤ·¤ÆÅöÁ³¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤è¡£Î¢¤òÊÖ¤»¤Ð¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤Ë»õ»ß¤á¤ò¤«¤±¤Æ¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤ÎÊý¸þ¤Ø¤È°ú¤Ì᤹¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¡ÖÉáÊ×À¤òÄɵᤷ¤Ê¤¤¼«Í³¡×¤ä¡Öʪ»ö¤ò²Ã®¤µ¤»¤Ê¤¤¼«Í³¡×¤¬É¬Íפˤʤ롣¤â¤Ã¤È¸À¤¨¤Ð¡ÖÊж¹¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¼«Í³¡×¤ä¡Ö´ðÈפò¶¦Í¤·¤Ê¤¤¼«Í³¡×¡£
¤½¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤Ï¡ÖÇÓ³°¼çµÁ¤À¡¢Êж¹¤À¡×¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥àÈãȽ¤Ëȿȯ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ò¤ä¤á¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤«¤é»Ï¤á¤ë¤Ù¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£Ê¡ÅÄ×ñ¸¤¬¡Öʸ²½¤È¤Ï²¿¤«¡×¤Ç³åÇˤ·¤¿¤È¤ª¤ê¡¢Ê¸²½¤Îº¬Äì¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ï´è¸Ç¤Ê¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¼«¸ÊÊݸ¤Î´¶¾ð¤Ç¤¹¡£¡Ö¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢¤½¤¦¤À¡ª¡¡Êж¹¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤¦¤ë¤ÈËÜÅö¤Ë»×¤¦¤«¡©¡ª¡×¡£¤³¤¦¤³¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤¿¤À¤·¤³¤ì¤ò¸À¤¤²á¤®¤ë¤È¡¢¹ñºÝ¼çµÁ¤Þ¤ÇÈÝÄꤹ¤ë·ë²Ì¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤«¤Í¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤¬º¤¤Ã¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡£
ÃæÌ»Ü¤µ¤ó¤ä¸ÅÀ¤ó¤¬¤ª¤Ã¤·¤ã¤Ã¤¿¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤È¹ñºÝ²½¤¬¤´¤Á¤ãº®¤¼¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¼Â¤ÏÀ¤³¦Åª¤Ë¸«¤é¤ì¤ë¸½¾Ý¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤è¤Í¡£»Ü¤µ¤ó¤Î¥¢¥ó¥±¡¼¥È¤«¤é¤â¡¢¿Í¡¹¤Ï¤³¤Î°ã¤¤¤ò¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ÅÌۤΤ¦¤Á¤ËÍý²ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢À¯ºö¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÏÈ¿±Ç¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¤ÏÁ°¶áÂ夫¤é¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë»Ö¸þ¤À¤Ã¤¿
ÃæÌ»ä¤Î¹Í¤¨¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¶áÂå¤ò¤É¤¦Âª¤¨¤ë¤«¡¢¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¦¤È¤³¤í¤È´Ø·¸¤¬¤¢¤ë¤ó¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£º´Æ£¤µ¤ó¤Î¤ª¤Ã¤·¤ã¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¶áÂå¤ÏÉáÊ×À¤òÌܻؤ¹Æ°¤¤À¤ÈÍý²ò¤µ¤ì¤¬¤Á¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤½¤¦¤«¤È¤¤¤¦¤È¡¢»ä¤Ï°ã¤¦¤È»×¤¦¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤è¡£
ÃæÌî ¹ä»Ö¡Ê¤Ê¤«¤Î ¤¿¤±¤·¡Ë¡¿É¾ÏÀ²È¡£1971ǯ¡¢¿ÀÆàÀÀ¸¤Þ¤ì¡£¸µ¡¦µþÅÔÂç³Ø¹©³Ø¸¦µæ²ÊÂç³Ø±¡½Ú¶µ¼ø¡£ÀìÌç¤ÏÀ¯¼£·ÐºÑ»×ÁÛ¡£1996ǯ¡¢ÅìµþÂç³Ø¶µÍܳØÉô¡Ê¹ñºÝ´Ø·¸ÏÀ¡Ë´¶È¸å¡¢Ä̾¦»º¶È¾Ê¡Ê¸½¡¦·ÐºÑ»º¶È¾Ê¡Ë¤ËÆþ¾Ê¡£2000ǯ¤è¤ê¥¨¥Ç¥£¥ó¥Ð¥éÂç³ØÂç³Ø±¡¤Ëα³Ø¤·¡¢À¯¼£»×ÁÛ¤òÀ칶¡£2001ǯ¤ËƱÂç³Ø±¡¤è¤êÍ¥Åù½¤»Î¹æ¡¢2005ǯ¤ËÇî»Î¹æ¤ò¼èÆÀ¡£2003ǯ¡¢ÏÀʸ¡ÆTheorising Economic Nationalism¡Ç ¡ÊNations and Nationalism¡Ë¤ÇNations and Nationalism Prize¤ò¼õ¾Þ¡£¼ç¤ÊÃø½ñ¤Ë»³Ëܼ·Ê¿¾Þ¾©Îå¾Þ¤ò¼õ¾Þ¤·¤¿¡ØÆüËÜ»×Áۻ˿·ÏÀ¡Ù¡Ê¤Á¤¯¤Þ¿·½ñ¡Ë¡¢¡ØTPPË´¹ñÏÀ¡Ù¡Ê½¸±Ñ¼Ò¿·½ñ¡Ë¡¢¡ØÉÙ¹ñ¤È¶¯Ê¼¡Ù¡ÊÅìÍηкѿ·Êó¼Ò¡Ë¡¢¡Ø¾®ÎÓ½¨Íº¤ÎÀ¯¼£³Ø¡Ù¡Êʸ½Õ¿·½ñ¡Ë¤Ê¤É¤¬¤¢¤ë¡Ê»£±Æ¡§Èø·ÁʸÈË¡Ë
Á°¶áÂå¡¢Î㤨¤ÐÉõ·ú¼Ò²ñ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¹ñ¶¤Ê¤ó¤Æ°Õ¼±¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£¤½¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¡¢¸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¤¿³¬µé¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢¥¨¥ê¡¼¥ÈÁؤϥé¥Æ¥ó¸ì¤ò»È¤¤¡¢¥¥ê¥¹¥È¶µÀ¤³¦¤Ç¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤Ë³èÆ°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¤Ï¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤À¤Ã¤¿¤ï¤±¤Ç¤¹¡£¶áÂå²½¤È¤È¤â¤Ë½î̱¤¬¸¢Íø¤ò»ý¤Á»Ï¤á¤ë¤È¡¢¥é¥Æ¥ó¸ì¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹¸ì¤Ê¤É¤Î¸½Ãϸ졢¯¸ì¤ÇÃý¤ëɬÍפ¬½Ð¤Æ¤¤Æ¡¢¹ñ¶¤¬°Õ¼±¤µ¤ì»Ï¤á¡¢¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤ä¹ñ¶¤Î³µÇ°¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¸ÄÊ̲½¤Ï¶áÂå¤Î»ºÊª¤Ç¡¢Á°¶áÂå¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤Þ¤ê°Õ¼±¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ï¤±¤Ç¤¹¡£
¤¸¤ã¤¢¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥¼¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤Ï²¿¤«¡£¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¤Ïº£¤Ç¤â¡¢¥¨¥Ë¥¦¥§¥¢Â²¡¢¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¤É¤³¤Ç¤âÀ¸¤¤é¤ì¤ë¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤Ê¸ºß¤Ç¤¤¤¿¤¤¡£¤³¤ì¤ÏÁ°¶áÂå¤âƱ¤¸¡£¤¿¤À¡¢½î̱¤¬Ì±¼çŪ¤Ë»²²Ã¤·»Ï¤á¤ë¤È¹ñ¶¤ÎÊɤ¬À¸¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤ó¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Ç¤â¥¨¥ê¡¼¥È¤À¤±¤À¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢³ØÌä¤ÎÀ¤³¦¤Ç¤ÏÆäˡ¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤Ê¸òή¤ÏÅö¤¿¤êÁ°¤Î¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£¼«Ê¬¤¿¤Á¤À¤±¤ÎÀ¤³¦¤Ç¤Ï¡¢³Ú¤·¤¯¡¢ÃÎŪ¤Ê»É·ã¤â¤¢¤ê¡¢ÌäÂê¤â¤Ê¤¤¡£¤½¤ó¤Ê¾õ¶·¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢¡ÖImagine¡×¤â²Î¤¤¤¿¤¯¤â¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤è¤Í¡£
¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥¼¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¿ä¤·¿Ê¤á¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¡¢¤Ä¤Þ¤êÃμ±³¬µé¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¥¢¥ó¥±¡¼¥È¤Ç¸«¤ë¤È¡¢°ìÈ̤ο͡¹¤¬¤½¤¦¤¤¤¦À¤³¦¤òɬ¤º¤·¤â˾¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ç¤â¡¢»×Áۤ䥸¥ã¡¼¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¤òˤ®½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤ÎÈà¤é¤Î»×Áۤϡ¢ËܼÁŪ¤ËÉõ·úŪ¡¢¥á¥ê¥È¥¯¥é¥·¡¼¤È¤¤¤¦³¬µéÀ©¤ò½Å¤ó¤¸¤ë¡£¤À¤«¤é¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥¼¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¿Ê¤à¤ÈÉõ·úŪ¤ÊÀ¤³¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÀâ¤ÏÌ·½â¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¤½¤â¤½¤â¤½¤Î¥È¥Ã¥×¤Ë¤¤¤ë¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¤Î¹Í¤¨¤¬¡¢Éõ·úŪ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ê¤ó¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤«¤Í¡£
¡Ê¡ÖÎáÏ¤ο·¶µÍܡ׸¦µæ²ñ¡Ë