±ó¤¤±§Ã褫¤éÅìµþ¤ä¥Ë¥å¡¼¥è¡¼¥¯¤ò´Ñ¬¡©¡¡ÅÔ»Ô¤ÎÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤Î´Ñ¬²ÄǽÀ¤ò¸¡¾Ú
»ä¤¿¤Á¤ÏʸÌÀ¤ò»ý¤Ä±§Ãè¤Ç¤¿¤À1¤Ä¤ÎÃÎŪÀ¸Ì¿ÂΤʤΤǤ·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©¤½¤ì¤È¤â¾¤Ë¤âʸÌÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©
²Ê³Ø¤ÎȯŸ¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢À¸Ì¿¤ò½É¤¹¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦Å·ÂΤ¬¼¡¡¹¤È¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¶²¤é¤¯»ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï¤Ò¤È¤ê¤Ü¤Ã¤Á¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¿¤À¡¢²¾¤ËÃϵ峰ʸÌÀ¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢Ãϵå¤ÎʸÌÀ¤·¤«ÃΤé¤Ê¤¤»ä¤¿¤Á¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊʸÌÀ¤Ê¤Î¤«¤òÃΤë½Ñ¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤Ê¤«¤Ë¤Ï¿ÍÎà¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤ËÅ·ÂΤÎɽÌ̤˷ú¤ʪ¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ëʸÌÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤½¤Î·ú¤ʪ¤Ï¿ÍÎà¤Î·ú¤ʪ¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë¶â°¤ä¥¬¥é¥¹¤Ëʤ¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢¹±À±¤«¤é¹ß¤êÃí¤°¸÷¤òÈ¿¼Í¤·¤Æµ±¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£
¤³¤³¤Þ¤ÇÁÛÁü¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢°ì¤Ä¤Î²ÄǽÀ¤ò¹Í¤¨¤º¤Ë¤Ï¤¤¤é¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£»ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Îµ±¤¤ò¸¡½Ð¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©
¡Ú¢¥ ¿Þ1: ¥ß¥é¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥ë¤ÏÁ´Ì̤ò¶À¤Çʤ¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢µ±¤¤¤Æ¸«¤¨¤ëÌÌÀѤϤ鷺¤«¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£Æ±¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢¤¿¤È¤¨Å·ÂÎɽÌ̤òÁ´¤Æʤ¤¦µðÂçÅÔ»Ô¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢Ãϵå¤ËÆϤ¯È¿¼Í¸÷¤Ë¤Ï¸Â³¦¤¬¤¢¤ë¡ÊCredit: Southend-on-Sea City Council (Public Domain)¡Ë¡Û
¤â¤·¤âÅ·ÂÎɽÌ̤˸÷¤òÈ¿¼Í¤¹¤ëʪÂΤ¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢ÊªÂΤ«¤é¤ÎÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤Ï¸Â¤é¤ì¤¿ÌÌÀѤ«¤é¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹¡£È¿¼Í¸÷¤¬Ãϵå¤ËÆϤ¯³ÑÅ٤϶ˤá¤Æ¶¹¤¤ÈϰϤǤ¢¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢µåÂΤǤ¢¤ëÅ·ÂÎɽÌ̤«¤é¤ÎÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢Ãϵå¤ËÆϤ¯¤â¤Î¤Ï¤Û¤ó¤Î¾¯¤·¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹¡£SF±Ç²è¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Å·ÂÎɽÌ̤¬Á´¤ÆÅÔ»Ô¤Ëʤ¤ï¤ì¤¿¹âÅÙ¤ÊʸÌÀ¤¬ÉÁ¤«¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢²¾¤Ë¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÅ·ÂΤ¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢Ãϵå¤ËÆϤ¯È¿¼Í¸÷¤Ï¤´¤¯¤ï¤º¤«¤ÊÎ̤Ȥʤê¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡Ú¢¥ ¿Þ2: Ãϵ奵¥¤¥º¤ÎÅ·ÂΤˤ¢¤ëÅÔ»Ô¤«¤éÍè¤ëÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤Î¸Â³¦¥µ¥¤¥º¤Ï¡¢ÅìµþÅÔ»Ô·÷¤ä¥Ë¥å¡¼¥è¡¼¥¯ÅÔ»Ô·÷¤Î¿ôʬ¤Î1¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤Þ¤¿½Ä¤ËŤ¤¹âÁØ¥Ó¥ë¤Ï¡¢È¿¼Í¸÷¤òÁý¤ä¤¹¸¶°ø¤Î1¤Ä¤È¤Ê¤ë¡ÊCredit: Vitor Coelho Nisida (Public Domain)¡Ë¡Û
¥¤¥ó¥ÉÍý²ÊÂç³Ø±¡¤ÎBhavesh Jaiswal»á¤Ï¡¢¤É¤ÎÄøÅÙ¤ÎÂ礤µ¤ÎÅԻԤʤé¤ÐÃϵå¤Ç¤â´Ñ¬²Äǽ¤Ê¤Î¤«¤ò·×»»¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤Þ¤º¡¢Ãϵå¤ÈƱ¤¸¥µ¥¤¥º¤ÎÏÇÀ±¤ò²¾Äꤷ¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢È¿¼Í¸÷¤¬ÆϤ¯ÅԻԤ賦¥µ¥¤¥º¤Ï¡¢ÏÇÀ±É½Ì̤ÎÁíÌÌÀѤÎ5.4ppm¡Ê0.00054%¡¢5400Ëüʬ¤Î1¡Ë¡¢Ìó2800Ê¿Êý¥¥í¥á¡¼¥È¥ë¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È·×»»¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤³¤ì¤ÏÅìµþÅÔ»Ô·÷¤ä¥Ë¥å¡¼¥è¡¼¥¯ÅÔ»Ô·÷¤Î¿ôʬ¤Î1ÄøÅ٤Ǥ¢¤ê¡¢¤è¤ê¾®µ¬ÌϤÎÅԻԤǤ⽽ʬ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡Ú¢¥ ¿Þ3: ¹±À±¤Î¸÷¤¬ÅÔ»Ô¤ËÈ¿¼Í¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤·¤¿Ìϼ°¿Þ¡£¹±À±¡Êº¸¡Ë¤«¤éÏÇÀ±¡Ê±¦¡Ë¤ËÆϤ¤¤¿¸÷¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢ÅÔ»Ô¡ÊA1¡ÁA3¡Ë¤ËÆþ¼Í¤·¤¿°ìÉô¤Î¸÷¤¬´Ñ¬¼Ô¤ÎÊý¸þ¤ËÈ¿¼Í¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Í½ÁÛ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡ÊCredit: Bhavesh Jaiswal¡Ë¡Û
¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤ËÅÔ»Ô¤«¤é¤ÎÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤Ï¸¡½Ð²Äǽ¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©¤¢¤ë¤¤¤ÏµÕ¤Ë¡¢±ó¤¤±§Ã褫¤éÅìµþ¤ä¥Ë¥å¡¼¥è¡¼¥¯¤Î¸ºß¤òÃΤ뤳¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©¾ò·ï¼¡Âè¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î¡¢¤½¤ì¤ÏÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
Ãϵå¤ËÆϤ¯È¿¼Í¸÷¤Î»ý³»þ´Ö¤Ï¡¢Å·ÂΤμ«Å¾Â®ÅÙ¤¬ÃÙ¤±¤ì¤ÐÃÙ¤¤¤Û¤ÉŤ¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ÅÔ»Ô¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë°ÞÅÙ¤äÏÇÀ±¤Îµ°Æ»·¹¼Ð³Ñ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¡¢1²ó¤Î¼«Å¾¤´¤È¤ËÅÔ»Ô¤ÎÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤¬·«¤êÊÖ¤·ÆϤ¯¾ì¹ç¤â¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¹âÁØ¥Ó¥ë¤Ï¦Ì̤Ǥâ¸÷¤òÈ¿¼Í¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÍýÁÛŪ¤Ê³ÑÅÙ¤«¤é¤º¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¤âÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤¬ÆϤ¯¾ì¹ç¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢·ú¤ʪ¤¬¥¬¥é¥¹¤Çʤ¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ÎÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤Ï¤½¤³¤Þ¤Ç¿¤¯¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢²¾¤Ë¥¢¥ë¥ß¥Ë¥¦¥à¤Çʤ¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢ÅÔ»Ô¤ÎÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤ÏÏÇÀ±¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬È¿¼Í¤¹¤ë¸÷¤Î¿ôÇܤˤâ¤Ê¤ë²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
Jaiswal»á¤Ï¡¢ºÇ¤â¸¡½Ð¤·¤ä¤¹¤¤¤Î¤Ï¥¹¥Ú¥¯¥È¥ëʬÎबM·¿¤Î¹±À±¡ÊÀÖ¿§âäÀ±¡Ë¤Î¼þ¤ê¤ò¸øž¤¹¤ëÏÇÀ±¤ÎÅÔ»Ô¤ÎÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤À¤È½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ÅÔ»Ô¤ÎÍ̵¤òÌä¤ï¤º¡¢ÏÇÀ±¤«¤é¤ÎÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤Ï¹±À±¤«¤éľÀÜÆϤ¯¸÷¤ÈÈæ¤Ù¤ÆÈó¾ï¤Ë¼å¤¤¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£ÂÀÍÛ¤ÈƱ¤¸G·¿¤Î¹±À±¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢Ãϵ奵¥¤¥º¤ÎÏÇÀ±¤«¤é¤Î¸÷¤Ï100²¯Ê¬¤Î1ÄøÅ٤ˤ·¤«¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£°ìÊý¡¢ÂÀÍÛ¤è¤ê¤â¤º¤Ã¤È°Å¤¤M·¿¤Î¹±À±¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢ÏÇÀ±¤«¤é¤Î¸÷¤Ï1²¯Ê¬¤Î1ÄøÅ٤ˤʤê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤·¤Æ½ÅÍפʤΤϡ¢ÅÔ»Ô¤«¤é¤ÎÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤âƱÄøÅÙ¤ÎÌÀ¤ë¤µ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤ëÅÀ¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢ÀÖ¿§âäÀ±¤ò¸øž¤¹¤ëÏÇÀ±¤ËÅÔ»Ô¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢ÏÇÀ±¤«¤é¤ÎÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤¬½Ö´ÖŪ¤Ë²¿ÇܤâÌÀ¤ë¤¯¤Ê¤ëÍͻҤ¬Âª¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¥¹¥Ú¥¯¥È¥ëʬÀϤʤɤò¹Ô¤¨¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬¿Í¹©Êª¤Ë¤è¤ë¸½¾Ý¤Ê¤Î¤«¡¢¤½¤ì¤È¤â¿åÌ̤Τ褦¤Ê¼«Á³Êª¤Ë¤è¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ê¤Î¤«¤ò¶èÊ̤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£
¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢»ä¤¿¤Á¤Ïº£¤Î¤È¤³¤íÃϵ峰ʸÌÀ¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¾Úµò¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤Æ¤ª¤é¤º¡¢¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤â¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢ÂÀÍ۷ϳ°ÏÇÀ±¤«¤é¤Î¸÷¤òľÀܸ¡½Ð¤¹¤ëµ»½Ñ¤Ï¿ÊÊ⤷³¤±¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¸÷¤òÈ¿¼Í¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤¬¼«Á³Êª¤Ê¤Î¤«¿Í¹©Êª¤Ê¤Î¤«¤ò¶èÊ̤Ǥ¤ë²ÄǽÀ¤Ï½½Ê¬¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¸½»þÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï¹½ÁÛÃʳ¬¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î¡¢ÏÇÀ±É½Ì̤ÎÍͻҤò²èÁü²½¤¹¤ë±§Ãè˾±ó¶À¤âÄó°Æ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¹¤°¤Ë¤Ï¼Â¸½¤·¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¡¢¶á¤¤¾Íè¤Ë¡¢Ãϵ峰ʸÌÀ¤¬ÃÛ¤¤¤¿ÅÔ»Ô¤«¤é¤ÎÈ¿¼Í¸÷¤ò¸¡½Ð¤¹¤ë²ÄǽÀ¤â¥¼¥í¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
Source
Bhavesh Jaiswal. ¡ÈSpecular reflections from artificial surfaces as Technosignature¡É. (arXiv)Scott Alan Johnston. ¡ÈWe Could See the Glint off Giant Cities on Alien Worlds¡É. (Universe Today)
ʸ¡¿ºÌ·Ã¤ê¤ê