¸½ºß¤Î¡Ö²ÐÀ±¡×¤Îµ¤¸õ¤Ï¹âÅ٤˴¥Á礷¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¤«¤Ä¤Æ¤Ï¼¾½á¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¿äÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ç¤Ï¡¢µ¤¸õ¤¬°Ü¤êÊѤï¤ë»þ´ü¤Î²ÐÀ±¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê´Ä¶­¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©


¥È¥¥¡¼¥ë¡¼¥º III ¥Ý¡¼¥ë¡¦¥µ¥Ð¥Æ¥£¥¨Âç³Ø¤ÎW. Rapin»á¤Ê¤É¤Î¸¦µæ¥Á¡¼¥à¤Ï¡¢²áµî¤Î²ÐÀ±¤Ç¤Ïµ¤¸õ¤¬´¥Á絤¸õ¤È¼¾½áµ¤¸õ¤ò¼þ´üŪ¤Ë·«¤êÊÖ¤¹´¥¼¾½Û´Äµ¤¸õ¤Î»þ´ü¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤ò¡¢NASA¡Ê¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¹Ò¶õ±§Ãè¶É¡Ë¤Î²ÐÀ±Ãµºº¼Ö¡Ö¥­¥å¥ê¥ª¥·¥Æ¥£¡Ê¥Þ¡¼¥º¡¦¥µ¥¤¥¨¥ó¥¹¡¦¥é¥Ü¥é¥È¥ê¡¼¡Ë¡×¤Îõºº¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ÎʬÀϤǼ¨¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¥­¥å¥ê¥ª¥·¥Æ¥£¤Î¥«¥á¥é¤Ç»£±Æ¤µ¤ì¤¿ÃÏÌ̤˸«¤é¤ì¤ëµµÎö¤Ï¡¢±ÕÂΤοå¤ÎÀÜ¿¨¤È¾øȯ¤¬·«¤êÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¤Ïµ¨ÀáÊÑÆ°¤òÈ¿±Ç¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¿äÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£


¡Ú¢¥ ¿Þ1: ¥­¥å¥ê¥ª¥·¥Æ¥£¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ»£±Æ¤µ¤ì¤¿¡¢²ÐÀ±¤Î¥²¡¼¥ë¡¦¥¯¥ì¡¼¥¿¡¼Æâ¤Îβ»À±ö¹Ûʪ¤¬Ë­ÉÙ¤ÊÃÏÌÌ¡£¿åʬ¤ò´Þ¤ó¤ÀÅ¥¤¬´¥Á礷¤Æ¸Ç¤Þ¤Ã¤¿ºÝ¤Ë¸«¤é¤ì¤ëÏ»³Ñ·Á¤ÎµµÎö¤¬Â¿¿ô¸ºß¤¹¤ë¡ÊCredit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, MSSS, IRAP¡Ë¡Û


¢£Æ椬¿¤¤²ÐÀ±¤Îµ¤¸õÊÑÆ°

ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê²ÐÀ±Ãµººµ¡¤ÎÄ´ºº¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢²ÐÀ±¤¬ÃÂÀ¸¤·¤Æ¤«¤é¤·¤Ð¤é¤¯¤Î´Ö¤Îµ¤¸õ¤ÏË­É٤ʿå¤òù¤¨¤¿¼¾½áµ¤¸õ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤Û¤Ü³Î¼Â¤À¤È¸«¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î°ìÊý¤Ç¡¢¸½ºß¤Î²ÐÀ±¤Îµ¤¸õ¤Ï¹âÅ٤˴¥Á礷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢²ÐÀ±¤Îµ¤¸õ¤Ï¼¾½áµ¤¸õ¤«¤é´¥Á絤¸õ¤Ø¤È°Ü¹Ô¤·¤¿»þ´ü¤ò¶´¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£


¤·¤«¤·¡¢µ¤¸õ¤¬°Ü¤êÊѤï¤ë»þ´ü¤Î²ÐÀ±¤¬¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê´Ä¶­¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤«¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤Éʬ¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê»þ´ü¤Ï²ÐÀ±¤ÎÎò»ËÁ´ÂΤÎÃæ¤Ç¤«¤Ê¤êû¤«¤Ã¤¿¾å¤Ë¡¢ÂÏÀÑʪ¤È¤·¤ÆÃÏÁؤ˵­Ï¿¤¬Êݸ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Ê¤¤¤È¿äÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢²ÐÀ±¤ÎÃϼÁ³ØŪ¤Ê¾ðÊó¤Ï¸Â¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥·¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤ë´Ä¶­¿äÄê¤Ç¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ë·ë²Ì¤¬½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¾ÜºÙ¤Ïʬ¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤Þ¤Ç¤¹¡£


¡Ú¢¥ ¿Þ2: ¥­¥å¥ê¥ª¥·¥Æ¥£ (ÇòÀþ¤¬°ÜÆ°·ÐÏ©) ¤Ï¥²¡¼¥ë¡¦¥¯¥ì¡¼¥¿¡¼¤Î¥·¥ã¡¼¥×»³ (Mt. Sharp) ¤òÅФë¤è¤¦¤Ë¿Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¡£ºÇ¶á¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æβ»À±ö¹Ûʪ¤ËÉÙ¤àÃÏ°è (²«¿§¤ÇÅɤé¤ì¤¿ÃÏ°è) ¤òõºº¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡ÊCredit: W. Rapin, et al.¡Ë¡Û


¢£¥¯¥ì¡¼¥¿¡¼¤Î´¥ÁçÀפ«¤é²áµî¤Îµ¤¸õ¤ò¿äÄê

º£²ó¡¢¥È¥¥¡¼¥ë¡¼¥º III ¥Ý¡¼¥ë¡¦¥µ¥Ð¥Æ¥£¥¨Âç³Ø¤ÎW. Rapin»á¤Ê¤É¤Î¸¦µæ¥Á¡¼¥à¤Ï¡¢NASA¤Î²ÐÀ±Ãµºº¼Ö¡Ö¥­¥å¥ê¥ª¥·¥Æ¥£¡×¤Î´Ñ¬·ë²Ì¤«¤é¡¢²ÐÀ±¤Îµ¤¸õ¤Î°Ü¹Ô»þ´ü¤Î´Ä¶­¤ò¿äÄꤹ¤ë¸¦µæ¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£


¥²¡¼¥ë¡¦¥¯¥ì¡¼¥¿¡¼¤ÎÆâÉô¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡Ö¥·¥ã¡¼¥×»³¡×¡ÊÊÌ̾¥¢¥¤¥ª¥ê¥¹»³¡Ë¤Îϼ¤ËÃåΦ¤·¤¿¥­¥å¥ê¥ª¥·¥Æ¥£¤Ï¡¢¥±¥¤»À±ö¹Ûʪ¤¬Ë­ÉÙ¤ÊÃÏ°è¤ò¿ôǯ´ÖÄ´ºº¤·¤¿¸å¡¢Î²»À±ö¹Ûʪ¤¬Ë­ÉÙ¤ÊÃÏ°è¤Ø¤È°ÜÆ°¤·¡¢¼Ì¿¿»£±Æ¤äÃÏÁؤÎÀ®Ê¬Ê¬ÀϤò¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£


¥­¥å¥ê¥ª¥·¥Æ¥£¤Ï¥·¥ã¡¼¥×»³¤òÅФê¤Ê¤¬¤éÄ´ºº¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢É½Ì̤òʤ¤¦Êª¼Á¤ÎÊѲ½¤Ï¡¢ÂÏÀÑÅö»þ¤Î´Ä¶­¤ÎÊѲ½¤òÈ¿±Ç¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¿äÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¥²¡¼¥ë¡¦¥¯¥ì¡¼¥¿¡¼¤Ë¤Ï¤«¤Ä¤Æ¸Ð¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¿å¤¬Ë­É٤ʴĶ­¤Ç¤Ï¥±¥¤»À±ö¹Ûʪ¤Ç¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤¿Ç´ÅÚ¤¬ÂÏÀѤ·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î°ìÊý¤Ç¡¢¸Ð¤Î¿å¤Ë¿»¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤´¥Á礷¤¿Î¦¾å¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Î²»À±ö¹Ûʪ¤¬ÂÏÀѤ·¤ä¤¹¤¤·¹¸þ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£


¥­¥å¥ê¥ª¥·¥Æ¥£¤Î¥«¥á¥é¤Ç»£±Æ¤µ¤ì¤¿¼Ì¿¿¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Ï»³Ñ·Á¤Î¤Ò¤Ó³ä¤ì¤¬À¸¤¸¤¿ÃÏÌ̤¬¼Ì¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Ê¬ÀϤηë²Ì¡¢µµÎö¤Î¿¼¤µ¤Ï¿ôcm¤È¡¢¤«¤Ê¤ê¿¼¤¤¤³¤È¤âʬ¤«¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤³¤ÎµµÎö¤Ï¡¢Ãϵå¾å¤Ë½»¤à»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¿È¶á¤Ç¤â¤è¤¯¸«¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¡¢¼¾¤Ã¤¿Å¥¤¬´¥Á礷¤¿»þ¤ËÀ¸¤¸¤ëµµÎö¤Ë¤è¤¯»÷¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£


Rapin»á¤é¤Ï¡¢µµÎö¤Î·Á¾õ¤¬¡ÖY¡×»ú¤Ç¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤«¤é¡¢¤³¤ì¤¬²ÐÀ±¤Î²áµî¤Î´Ä¶­¤òÈ¿±Ç¤·¤¿¾Úµò¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¿äÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Å¥¤¬´¥Á礷¤¿»þ¡¢ºÇ½é¤ËÀ¸¤¸¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡ÖT¡×»ú¤Ë¶á¤¤·Á¾õ¤ÎµµÎö¤Ç¤¹¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢´¥Á礷¤¿Å¥¤¬¿å¤Ë¿¨¤ì¤Æ½À¤é¤«¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¸å¤ËºÆ¤Ó´¥Á礹¤ë¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬·«¤êÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢µµÎö¤Î·Á¾õ¤Ï¡ÖT¡×»ú¤«¤é¡ÖY¡×»ú¤Ø¤ÈÊѲ½¤·¡¢ºÇ½ªÅª¤Ë¤ÏÏ»³Ñ·Á¤Î·Á¾õ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£Rapin»á¤é¤Ï¡¢Ï»³Ñ·Á¤ÎµµÎö¤Ï²ÐÀ±¤Îµ¤¸õ¤¬¼¾½áµ¤¸õ¤«¤é´¥Á絤¸õ¤Ø¤È°Ü¹Ô¤¹¤ë»þ´ü¤Ë¡¢¼¾½á´Ä¶­¤È´¥Á絤¸õ¤¬¼þ´üŪ¤ËÀÚ¤êÂؤï¤ë´¥¼¾½Û´Äµ¤¸õ¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¿äÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£


¿¼¤µ¤¬¿¼¤¤¤³¤È¤«¤é¡¢¤³¤ÎµµÎö¤Ïµ¨ÀáÊѲ½¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊĹ¼þ´üŪ¤Êµ¤¸õÊÑÆ°¤«¡¢¤â¤·¤¯¤ÏŴˤ¿å¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÆÍȯŪ¤Ê¼¾½á´Ä¶­¤¬À¸¤¸¤¿¾Úµò¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï΢¤òÊÖ¤»¤Ð¡¢Å·Âξ×Æͤä²Ð»³Ê®²Ð¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¡¢±ÕÂΤο夬°Ý»ý¤µ¤ì¤ë´ü´Ö¤äÉÑÅÙ¤¬¾¯¤Ê¤¤¸½¾Ý¤ÇÀ¸¤¸¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£


Rapin»á¤é¤ÏµµÎö¤Ê¤É¤Î¾Úµò¤«¤é¡¢²ÐÀ±¤Ç¤Ïº£¤«¤é38¡Á36²¯Ç¯Á°¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç¡¢¼¾½áµ¤¸õ¤«¤é´¥Á絤¸õ¤Ø¤È°Ü¹Ô¤¹¤ë´¥¼¾½Û´Äµ¤¸õ¤Î»þ´ü¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ÎµµÎö¤Ï¿¼¤µ¤¬¿¼¤¤¾å¤Ë¡¢É½Ì̤¬µµÎö¤Î±ï¤Þ¤Ç¹Å¤¤Î²»À±ö¹Ûʪ¤Çʤ¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤«¤é¡¢¿ô½½²¯Ç¯¤â¤ÎÉ÷²½¤ËÂѤ¨¤Æ¸½ºß¤Ç¤âÍưפ˴ѻ¡¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£


¢£À¸Ì¿ºàÎÁ¹çÀ®¤Î¸½¾ìÀפǤ¢¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤â¡©

¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê´¥¼¾½Û´Äµ¤¸õ¤Ï¡¢²ÐÀ±¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÊ̤ζ½Ì£¿¼¤¤ÏÃÂê¤È¤â´Ø¤ï¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£²ÐÀ±¤ËÆȼ«¤ÎÀ¸Ì¿ÂΤ¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤«¡¢¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¸½ºß¤Ç¤â¸³¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«¤Ï¡¢²ÐÀ±¤Ë¤Þ¤Ä¤ï¤ëÂ礭¤ÊÆæ¤Î1¤Ä¤Ç¤¹¡£À¸Ì¿¤¬¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÃÂÀ¸¤·¤¿¤Î¤«¤ÏµÄÏÀ¤Î;ÃϤ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢À¸Ì¿¤¬´Ø¤ï¤é¤º¤ËÊ£»¨¤ÊÍ­µ¡Ê¬»Ò¤¬¹çÀ®¤µ¤ì¤ë´Ä¶­¤Ï¡¢À¸Ì¿ÃÂÀ¸¤òÂ¥¤¹Â礭¤Ê¿ä¿ÊÎϤȤʤë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£´¥¼¾½Û´Äµ¤¸õ¤ÏÊ£»¨¤ÊÍ­µ¡Ê¬»Ò¤¬¹çÀ®¤µ¤ì¤ä¤¹¤¤´Ä¶­¤Î1¤Ä¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢²áµî¤Î²ÐÀ±¤Ë¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê´Ä¶­¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤¿¤È¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤È¤Æ¤â¶½Ì£¿¼¤¤¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£


¤Þ¤¿¡¢À¸Ì¿¤¬ÃÂÀ¸¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤¬³Î¼Â¤Ç¤¢¤ëÃϵå¤Ç¤Ï¡¢À¸Ì¿ÃÂÀ¸»þ¤Î´Ä¶­¤ÏÃϼÁ³èÆ°¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¾Ã¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢²ÐÀ±¤ËÀ¸Ì¿ÃÂÀ¸»þ¤Î¾Úµò¤¬»Ä¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢Ãϵå¤ÎÀ¸Ì¿ÃÂÀ¸¤ò¿äÄꤹ¤ë¾å¤Ç¤âÌòΩ¤Ä²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£


 


Source


W. Rapin, et al. ¡ÈSustained wet-dry cycling on early Mars¡É. (Nature)Nick Njegomir. ¡ÈNew research points to possible seasonal climate patterns on early Mars¡É. (Los Alamos National Laboratory)Keith Cowing. ¡ÈCracks In Martian Mud Suggest Sustained Wet-Dry Cycling On Early Mars¡É. (Astrobiology.com)

ʸ¡¿ºÌ·Ã¤ê¤ê