Á´¤Æ¤Îʪ¼Á¤Ï¤ä¤¬¤Æ¾øȯ¤¹¤ë¡©¡¡¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë°Ê³°¤Ç¤â¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë²ÄǽÀ­

¼Ì¿¿³ÈÂç (Á´3Ëç)

±§ÃèºÇ®¤Î¸÷¤µ¤¨¤âÈ´¤±½Ð¤»¤Ê¤¤¤Èɽ¸½¤µ¤ì¤ë¡Ö¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¡×¤Ï±Ê±ó¤Ë¼ÁÎ̤ò¼º¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤â»×¤¨¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï¡Ö¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¡×¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤òÄ̤¸¤Æ½ù¡¹¤Ë¼ÁÎ̤ò¼º¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤È¸À¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£


¥é¥É¥Ð¥¦¥ÉÂç³Ø¤ÎMichael F. Wondrak»á¤é¤Î¸¦µæ¥Á¡¼¥à¤Ï¡¢¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤ÎÆÃÊ̤ÊÀ­¼Á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡Ö»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̡פ¬¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë¤³¤È¤òÍýÏÀŪ¤Ë¼¨¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤³¤Î¹Í¤¨¤¬Àµ¤·¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯Á´¤Æ¤ÎÅ·ÂΤ¬¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤òÄ̤¸¤Æ¼ÁÎ̤ò¼º¤¤¡¢ºÇ¸å¤Ë¤Ï¾øȯ¤¹¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£


¡Ú¢¥ ¿Þ1: ¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Î³µÇ°¿Þ¡£¿¿¶õ¤Ç¤Ï²¾ÁÛŪ¤Êγ»Ò (+¦Íe) ¤Èȿγ»Ò (-¦Íe) ¤Î¥Ú¥¢¤¬¤¢¤Á¤³¤Á¤ÇÀ¸¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¹¤°¤µ¤Þ¾ÃÌǤ¹¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿ÌÌÉÕ¶á (ÀÄ¿§¤È¹õ¿§¤Î¶­³¦) ¤ÇȯÀ¸¤·¤¿Î³»Ò¤Î¥Ú¥¢¤ÏÊÒÊý¤À¤±¤¬¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤ËµÛ¤¤¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£»Ä¤µ¤ì¤¿¤â¤¦ÊÒÊý¤ÏÈô¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤¢¤¿¤«¤â¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤¬Êü¼Í¤òµ¯¤³¤·¤Æ¼ÁÎ̤ò¼º¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤¬¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡ÊCredit: Physics Feed¡Ë¡Û


¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Ï¡¢1974ǯ¤Ë¥¹¥Æ¥£¡¼¥ô¥ó¡¦¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°¤¬Í½¸À¤·¤¿À­¼Á¤Ç¤¹¡£ÎÌ»ÒÎϳؤǤϿ¿¶õ¤Ï²¿¤â¤Ê¤¤¶õ´Ö¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢²¾ÁÛŪ¤Êγ»Ò¤Èȿγ»Ò¤Î¥Ú¥¢¤¬À¸À®¤È¾ÃÌǤò·«¤êÊÖ¤¹ ¡ÈˢΩ¤Ã¤¿¶õ´Ö¡É ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Èɽ¸½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Îγ»Ò¤Èȿγ»Ò¤Î¥Ú¥¢¤Ï¡È²¾ÁÛŪ¡É¤Èɽ¸½¤µ¤ì¤ëÄ̤ꡢ²¿¤â¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¹¤°¤Ë¾ÃÌǤ·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Î³»Ò¤È¤·¤Æɽ¤ì¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¿¿¶õ¤«¤é ¡È¼Ú¤ê¤¿¡É ¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤ò¤¹¤°¤Ë ¡ÈÊÖºÑ¡É ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¹¡£


¤·¤«¤·¡¢Î³»Ò¤¬¿¿¶õ¤«¤é¼Ú¤ê¤¿¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤ò³°Éô¤«¤éÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤Ê¤É¤·¤ÆÂå¤ï¤ê¤ËÊֺѤ¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤Îγ»Ò¤ò¼Âºß¤Î¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Æ¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢¿¿¶õ¤Ë¶¯ÎϤʦÃÀþ¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢ÅŻҤÈÍÛÅŻҤΥڥ¢¤¬¸½¤ì¤ë¼Â¸³¤Ç¤â³Î¤«¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£


¤³¤¦¤·¤¿Î³»Ò¤Î¥Ú¥¢¤ÎÀ¸À®¤È¾ÃÌǤ¬¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤Î¶­³¦¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡Ö»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̡פΤ¹¤°¶á¤¯¤ÇȯÀ¸¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬µ¯¤³¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̤ϡ¢¤½¤ì¤è¤êÆ⦤ËÆþ¤ì¤Ð¸÷¤Ç¤â¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤Î½ÅÎϤ«¤éƨ¤ì¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¶­³¦¤Ç¤¹¡£


¤â¤·¤â²¾ÁÛŪ¤Êγ»Ò¤Èȿγ»Ò¤Î¥Ú¥¢¡Ê¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¼ÁÎ̤¬¥¼¥í¤Îγ»Ò¡Ë¤¬À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤¿¸å¡¢ÊÒÊý¤À¤±¤¬»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̤ò²£Àڤ俾ì¹ç¡¢ÁêÊý¤ò¼º¤Ã¤¿¤â¤¦ÊÒÊý¤Ï¼Âºß¤Îγ»Ò¤È¤·¤Æ³°¤ËÈô¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£²¾ÁÛγ»Ò¤¬¼Âºßγ»Ò¤È¤Ê¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤ò¤É¤³¤«¤«¤éĴ㤷¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤Î¼ÁÎ̤«¤éĴ㤹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¼ÁÎ̤ϥ¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤ÈÅù¤·¤¤¤¿¤á¡¢¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤Ï²¾ÁÛγ»Ò¤¬¼Âºßγ»Ò¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿Ê¬¤À¤±¼ÁÎ̤ò¼º¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£


¤³¤ÎÍͻҤò±ó¤¯¤«¤é¸«¤ë¤È¡¢¤Þ¤ë¤Ç¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤¬¼Âºßγ»Ò¤òÊü¼Í¤·¡¢¾¯¤·¤º¤Ä¼ÁÎ̤ò¼º¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë´Ñ¬¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤¬¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Ç¤¹¡£¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬µ¯¤³¤ê³¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤ÏºÇ½ªÅª¤ËÁ´¤Æ¤Î¼ÁÎ̤ò¼º¤¦¡¢¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¾øȯ¤¹¤ë¤Èͽ¬¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£


°Ê¾å¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤ÎÄ̤ꡢ¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬¼Â¸½¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï»þ¶õ¤¬°ìÊýÄ̹ԤȤʤë»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ê¡¢»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̤˸¤ê¤Ê¤¯¶á¤¤¾ì½ê (·×»»¾å¤Ï̵¸Â¤Ë¶á¤¤¾ì½ê) ¤Çµ¯¤³¤ë¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤Ë¸ÂÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¸½¾Ý¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤ÈĹǯ¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¼Â¸³¼¼¤Ç¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬¼Â¾Ú¤µ¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̤ÈÈó¾ï¤Ë¤è¤¯»÷¤¿¾õÂÖ¤òÀßÄꤷ¤¿¼Â¸³¤Ç¤Ï¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¸½¾Ý¤¬³Îǧ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢¡Ö¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Ï»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̤˸¤ê¤Ê¤¯¶á¤¤¾ì½ê¤Ç¤Î¤ßµ¯¤³¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦Ç§¼±¤ÏÀµ¤·¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤â»×¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£


¤·¤«¤·Wondrak»á¤é¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¥·¥å¥¦¥£¥ó¥¬¡¼¸ú²Ì¡×¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¥¢¥×¥í¡¼¥Á¤òŬÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Ï»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̤è¤ê¤º¤Ã¤È±ó¤¯¤Ç¤âµ¯¤³¤ë¤³¤È¤òÍýÏÀŪ¤Ë¾ÚÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¥·¥å¥¦¥£¥ó¥¬¡¼¸ú²Ì¤Ï¡¢1951ǯ¤Ë¥¸¥å¥ê¥¢¥ó¡¦¥·¥å¥¦¥£¥ó¥¬¡¼¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤¿Åż§ÎϳØŪ¤Ê¸½¾Ý¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¡Ö½½Ê¬¤Ë¶¯¤¤Åžì¤ä¼§¾ì¤Î²¼¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¿¿¶õ¤«¤éγ»Ò¤Èȿγ»Ò¤Î¥Ú¥¢¡Ê¤è¤ê¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤ÏÅŻҤÈÍÛÅŻҤΥڥ¢¡Ë¤¬À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¸½¾Ý¤Ç¤¹¡£


¥·¥å¥¦¥£¥ó¥¬¡¼¤¬Í½¸À¤·¤¿¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤Î¥·¥å¥¦¥£¥ó¥¬¡¼¸ú²Ì¤òµ¯¤³¤¹¤Î¤ËɬÍפÊÅžì¤ä¼§¾ì¤Î¶¯Å٤Ϲ⤹¤®¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¼Â¸³Åª¤Ë´Ñ¬¤µ¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢Èó¾ï¤Ë¤è¤¯»÷¤¿¾õ¶·¤òÀßÄꤷ¤¿¤È¤³¤í¡¢¥·¥å¥¦¥£¥ó¥¬¡¼¸ú²Ì¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¸½¾Ý¤¬³Îǧ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦Êó¹ð¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡Ê¤¿¤À¤·¡¢¤³¤ÎÊó¹ð¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¾¤Î¸½¾Ý¤ò¸íǧ¤·¤¿²ÄǽÀ­¤â¤¢¤ê¡¢¸½ºß³ÎǧÃæ¤Ç¤¹¡Ë¡£


½ÅÍפʤΤϡ¢¶¯Âç¤ÊÅžì¤ä¼§¾ì¤¬É¬Íפʥ·¥å¥¦¥£¥ó¥¬¡¼¸ú²Ì¤Ï¡¢¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤Î¶áÊդȤ¤¤¦¶¯Âç¤Ê½ÅÎϾì¤Î²¼¤Çµ¯¤³¤ë¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Ë¤è¤¯»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£¿¿¶õ¤«¤éγ»Ò¤Èȿγ»Ò¤Î¥Ú¥¢¤¬À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¾õ¶·¤â¤Þ¤¿»÷¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Â礭¤Ê°ã¤¤¤Ï¡¢¥·¥å¥¦¥£¥ó¥¬¡¼¸ú²Ì¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë³ÎΨ¤ÏÅžì¤ä¼§¾ì¤Î¶¯Å٤˰͸¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¤É¤³¤Ç¤âµ¯¤³¤êÆÀ¤ë¸½¾Ý¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Î¤ËÂФ·¡¢¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Ï»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿ÌÌÉÕ¶á¤È¤¤¤¦¶Ë¤á¤Æ¶¹¤¤ÈϰϤǤ·¤«µ¯¤­¤Ê¤¤¤Èͽ¬¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤ÏËÜÅö¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©


¡Ú¢¥ ¿Þ2: º£²ó¤Î¸¦µæ¤ÇÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤ÎÍͻҡ£¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤«¤éÎ¥¤ì¤ë¤Û¤É¡¢¡Ö²¾ÁÛ¤Îγ»Ò¤Èȿγ»Ò¤¬À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤ë³ÎΨ¡×¤ÏÄ㤯¤Ê¤ë¤¬¡¢¡Öγ»Ò¤ÎÊÒÊý¤À¤±¤¬Æ¨¤²½Ð¤¹³ÎΨ¡×¤Ï¹â¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£ (Image Credit: Wondrak, et.al.) ¡Û


Wondrak»á¤é¤Ï¡¢½ÅÎϾì¤ËÂФ¹¤ë·×»» (¢¨1) ¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬½ÅÎϤζ¯¤¤¾ì½ê¤Û¤Éµ¯¤³¤ê¤ä¤¹¤¤¸½¾Ý¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¾ÚÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£½ÅÎϤζ¯¤¤¾ì½ê¡¢¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤Î¶áÊդǤ¢¤ë»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿ÌÌÉÕ¶á¤ÇºÇ¤âµ¯¤³¤ê¤ä¤¹¤¤ÅÀ¤Ï¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Îǧ¼±¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢º£²ó¤Î¸¦µæ¤Ç¤Ï¡Ö½ÅÎϾ줬¶¯¤¤¾ì½ê¤Ê¤é¤Ð»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̤«¤é±ó¤¯Î¥¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¤â¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë¡×¤³¤È¤ò¾ÚÌÀ¤·¤¿¤Î¤¬½ÅÍפʥݥ¤¥ó¥È¤Ç¤¹¡£


¢¨1¡ÄÇ®ÊýÄø¼°¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÇ®³Ë¤òµá¤á¤ë¥¢¥×¥í¡¼¥Á¤Ç½ÅÎϾì¤Î·×»»¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¡£¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤ÏÇ®Êü¼Í¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤ß¤Ê¤»¤ëÇ®ÎϳØŪ¤Ê¸½¾Ý¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê·×»»¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡£


¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬¤É¤³¤Ç¤âµ¯¤³¤êÆÀ¤ë¸½¾Ý¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢µ¯¤³¤ë³ÎΨ¤¬½ÅÎϾì¤Î¶¯¤µ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ·è¤Þ¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦À­¼Á¤¬ËÜÅö¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥·¥å¥¦¥£¥ó¥¬¡¼¸ú²Ì¤ÈÈó¾ï¤Ë¤è¤¯»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£º£²ó¤Î¸¦µæ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬ºÇÂç²½¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤ÎȾ·Â¡ÊÃæ¿´¤«¤é»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̤ޤǤε÷Î¥¡Ë¤ÎÌó1.25ÇܤǤ¢¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̤˸¤ê¤Ê¤¯¶á¤¤µ÷Î¥¤Ç¤Î¤ß¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿½¾Íè¤Î¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ëÁü¤È¤ÏÂ礭¤¯°Û¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£


Wondrak»á¤é¤Î¾ÚÌÀ¤¬Àµ¤·¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Ï½ÅÎϾ줵¤¨¤¢¤ì¤Ð¤É¤³¤Ç¤âµ¯¤³¤ë¸½¾Ý¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢»ö¾Ý¤ÎÃÏÊ¿Ì̤ÏÉÔÍפȤ¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë¤Ë¤Ï²¿¤«¤·¤é¤Î¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤¬É¬ÍפȤµ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÊѤï¤ê¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢¤½¤Î¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤Ï½ÅÎϾì¤Î¸»¤Ç¤¢¤ëÅ·Âμ«¿È¤¬½Ð½è¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¾øȯ¤¹¤ëÅ·ÂΤϥ֥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë¤À¤±¤Ë¸ÂÄꤵ¤ì¤º¡¢¤¢¤é¤æ¤ëÅ·ÂΤ¬¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¾øȯ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£


¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤Ï¶Ë¤á¤Æ¼å¤¤¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¾øȯ¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¥¼¥í¤¬¿ô½½¸Äʤ֤ۤɤÎÈó¾ï¤ËŤ¤Ç¯¿ô¤¬É¬ÍפȤʤê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë°Ê³°¤ÎÅ·ÂΤǤϡ¢ÍÛ»ÒÊø²õ (¢¨2) ¤Ê¤ÉÊÌ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ÎÊý¤¬¤è¤Û¤ÉÁ᤯¿Ê¤à¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤½¤ì¤Ç¤â¡¢Èó¾ï¤ËȾ·Â¤Î¾®¤µ¤ÊÃæÀ­»ÒÀ±¤Ê¤É¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥Û¡¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤¬Ìµ»ë¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤ÇƯ¤¯²ÄǽÀ­¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£


¢¨2¡ÄÍۻҤμ÷Ì¿¤ÏÍ­¸Â¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢Ä¹¤¤»þ´Ö¤ò¤«¤±¤ÆÁÇγ»Ò¤ËÊø²õ¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦Í½Â¬¡£¤³¤Îͽ¬¤¬Àµ¤·¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¥Ö¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Û¡¼¥ë°Ê³°¤ÎÅ·ÂΤǤϥۡ¼¥­¥ó¥°Êü¼Í¤è¤ê¤âÍÛ»ÒÊø²õ¤ÎÊý¤¬¤Ï¤ë¤«¤Ë®¤¯Å·ÂΤμÁÎ̤ò¼º¤ï¤»¤ë¸¶°ø¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£


 


Source


Michael F. Wondrak, Walter D. van Suijlekom & Heino Falcke. ¡ÈGravitational Pair Production and Black Hole Evaporation¡É. (Physical Review Letters)Charles Day. ¡ÈAnother Way for Black Holes to Evaporate¡É. (Physics)Michael F. Wondrak, Walter D. van Suijlekom & Heino Falcke. ¡ÈEventually everything will evaporate, not only black holes¡É. (Radboud University)Julian Schwinger. ¡ÈOn Gauge Invariance and Vacuum Polarization¡É. (Physical Review)S. W. Hawking. ¡ÈBlack hole explosions?¡É. (Nature)Carlos Barceló, Stefano Liberati & Matt Visser. ¡ÈTowards the Observation of Hawking Radiation in Bose-Einstein Condensates¡É. (International Journal of Modern Physics A)Jeff Steinhauer. ¡ÈObservation of quantum Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole¡É. (Jeff Steinhauer)Alexey I. Berdyugin, et.al. ¡ÈOut-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices¡É. (Science)

ʸ¡¿ºÌ·Ã¤ê¤ê